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The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the financial domain is driving a paradigm shift from passive information retrieval to dynamic, agentic interaction. While general-purpose tool learning has witnessed a surge in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiaxuan Lu , Kong Wang , Yemin Wang , Qingmei Tang , Hongwei Zeng , Xiang Chen , Jiahao Pi , Shujian Deng , Lingzhi Chen , Yi Fu , Kehua Yang , Xiao Sun

We present OpenRL, an advanced reinforcement learning (RL) framework designed to accommodate a diverse array of tasks, from single-agent challenges to complex multi-agent systems. OpenRL's robust support for self-play training empowers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Shiyu Huang , Wentse Chen , Yiwen Sun , Fuqing Bie , Wei-Wei Tu

We introduce the first end-to-end Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based framework for active high frequency trading in the stock market. We train DRL agents to trade one unit of Intel Corporation stock by employing the Proximal Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Antonio Briola , Jeremy Turiel , Riccardo Marcaccioli , Alvaro Cauderan , Tomaso Aste

This paper presents a novel hierarchical framework for portfolio optimization, integrating lightweight Large Language Models (LLMs) with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to combine sentiment signals from financial news with traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Baptiste Lefort , Eric Benhamou , Beatrice Guez , Jean-Jacques Ohana , Ethan Setrouk , Alban Etienne

Current financial large language models (FinLLMs) struggle with two critical limitations: the absence of objective evaluation metrics to assess the quality of stock analysis reports and a lack of depth in stock analysis, which impedes their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shijie Han , Jingshu Zhang , Yiqing Shen , Kaiyuan Yan , Hongguang Li

Algorithmic stock trading has become a staple in today's financial market, the majority of trades being now fully automated. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents proved to be to a force to be reckon with in many complex games like Chess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Tidor-Vlad Pricope

Trading range breakout is a key method in the technical analysis of financial trading, widely employed by traders in financial markets such as stocks, futures, and foreign exchange. However, distinguishing between true and false breakout…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kang Zhang , Osamu Yoshie , Lichao Sun , Weiran Huang

As artificial intelligence systems increasingly operate in Real-world environments, the integration of multi-modal data sources such as vision, language, and audio presents both unprecedented opportunities and critical challenges for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Sree Bhargavi Balija

We present the setup and the tasks of the FinMMEval Lab at CLEF 2026, which introduces the first multilingual and multimodal evaluation framework for financial Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent advances in financial natural…

Contemporary AI systems achieve extraordinary performance yet remain opaque and non-verifiable, creating a crisis of trust for safety-critical deployment. We introduce MathLedger, a substrate for verifiable machine cognition that integrates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Ismail Ahmad Abdullah

In recent years, $Q$-learning has become indispensable for model-free reinforcement learning (MFRL). However, it suffers from well-known problems such as under- and overestimation bias of the value, which may adversely affect the policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Youngmin Oh , Jinwoo Shin , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Finetuned large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in financial tasks, such as sentiment analysis and information retrieval. Due to privacy concerns, finetuning and deploying Financial LLMs (FinLLMs) locally are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Dannong Wang , Daniel Kim , Bo Jin , Xingjian Zhao , Tianfan Fu , Steve Yang , Xiao-Yang Liu

We introduce MARKET-BENCH, a benchmark that evaluates large language models (LLMs) on introductory quantitative trading tasks by asking them to construct executable backtesters from natural language strategy descriptions and market…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Abhay Srivastava , Sam Jung , Spencer Mateega

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in financial reasoning and market understanding. Multi-agent LLM frameworks such as TradingAgent and FINMEM augment these models to long-horizon investment…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Fei Xiong , Xiang Zhang , Aosong Feng , Siqi Sun , Chenyu You

AI systems empowered by reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms harbor the immense potential to catalyze societal advancement, yet their deployment is often impeded by significant safety concerns. Particularly in safety-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Jiaming Ji , Jiayi Zhou , Borong Zhang , Juntao Dai , Xuehai Pan , Ruiyang Sun , Weidong Huang , Yiran Geng , Mickel Liu , Yaodong Yang

Quantitative investment aims to maximize the return and minimize the risk in a sequential trading period over a set of financial instruments. Recently, inspired by rapid development and great potential of AI technologies in generating…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-24 Xiao Yang , Weiqing Liu , Dong Zhou , Jiang Bian , Tie-Yan Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various professional domains, with their performance typically evaluated through standardized benchmarks. In the financial field, the stringent demands for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Feng Wang , Yiding Sun , Jiaxin Mao , Wei Xue , Danqing Xu

LLM-based trading agents are increasingly deployed in real-world financial markets to perform autonomous analysis and execution. However, their reliability and robustness under adversarial or faulty conditions remain largely unexamined,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Lewen Yan , Jilin Mei , Tianyi Zhou , Lige Huang , Jie Zhang , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

Studies that broaden drone applications into complex tasks require a stable control framework. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been exploited in many studies for robot control to accomplish complex tasks.…

At the interception between quantum computing and machine learning, Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL) has emerged as a promising research field. Due to its novelty, a standardized and comprehensive collection for QRL algorithms has not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Georg Kruse , Rodrigo Coelho , Andreas Rosskopf , Robert Wille , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz