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Linear Mode Connectivity (LMC) is a notable phenomenon in the loss landscapes of neural networks, wherein independently trained models have been observed to be connected--up to permutation symmetries--by linear paths in parameter space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Viet-Hoang Tran , Van Hoan Trinh , Khanh Vinh Bui , Tan M. Nguyen

Large language models, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, have demonstrated exceptional language understanding capabilities in various NLP tasks. Sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising solution for scaling models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Jiamin Li , Qiang Su , Yitao Yang , Yimin Jiang , Cong Wang , Hong Xu

The computational cost associated with high-fidelity CFD simulations remains a significant bottleneck in the automotive design and optimization cycle. While ML-based surrogate models have emerged as a promising alternative to accelerate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Mohammad Amin Nabian , Sanjay Choudhry

In Federated Learning (FL), the distributed nature and heterogeneity of client data present both opportunities and challenges. While collaboration among clients can significantly enhance the learning process, not all collaborations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Nazarii Tupitsa , Samuel Horváth , Martin Takáč , Eduard Gorbunov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained immense success in revolutionizing various applications, including content generation, search and recommendation, and AI-assisted operation. To reduce high training costs, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanfei Yu , Xingqi Cui , Hong Zhang , Hao Wang , Hao Wang

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning (ML) framework that combines on-device training and server-based aggregation to train a common ML model among distributed agents. In this work, we propose an asynchronous FL design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Chung-Hsuan Hu , Zheng Chen , Erik G. Larsson

Federated learning (FL) enables on-device training over distributed networks consisting of a massive amount of modern smart devices, such as smartphones and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. However, the leading optimization algorithm in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xin Yao , Tianchi Huang , Chenglei Wu , Rui-Xiao Zhang , Lifeng Sun

Large language models (LLMs) show amazing performance on many domain-specific tasks after fine-tuning with some appropriate data. However, many domain-specific data are privately distributed across multiple owners. Thus, this dilemma raises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Feijie Wu , Zitao Li , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jing Gao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a crucial paradigm for adapting large language models (LLMs) under constrained computational budgets. However, standard PEFT methods often struggle in multi-task fine-tuning settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Hong Qi , Sunghun Kim , Jing Tang

The success of current Large-Language Models (LLMs) hinges on extensive training data that is collected and stored centrally, called Centralized Learning (CL). However, such a collection manner poses a privacy threat, and one potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Huiwen Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Deyi Zhang , Xiaohan Li , Jiafei Wu , Zhe Liu

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as the predominant approach for collaborative training of neural network models across multiple users, without the need to gather the data at a central location. One of the important challenges in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Matthias Reisser , Christos Louizos , Efstratios Gavves , Max Welling

Federated fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is obstructed by a trilemma of challenges: protecting LLMs intellectual property (IP), ensuring client privacy, and mitigating performance loss on heterogeneous data. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tao Fan , Guoqiang Ma , Yuanfeng Song , Lixin Fan , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered unprecedented advancements across diverse fields, ranging from natural language processing to computer vision and beyond. The prowess of LLMs is underpinned by their substantial model size,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Weilin Cai , Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Jing Tang , Sunghun Kim , Jiayi Huang

Personalized medication aims to tailor healthcare to individual patient characteristics. However, the heterogeneity of patient data across healthcare systems presents significant challenges to achieving accurate and effective personalized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jiechao Gao , Yuangang Li

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm in which a central server coordinates multiple participants (clients) collaboratively to train on decentralized data. In practice, FL often faces statistical, system, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Liping Yi , Han Yu , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu , Xiaoxiao Li

Traditional federated learning (FL) methods have limited support for clients with varying computational and communication abilities, leading to inefficiencies and potential inaccuracies in model training. This limitation hinders the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jong-Ik Park , Carlee Joe-Wong

The primary challenge in Federated Learning (FL) is to model non-IID distributions across clients, whose fine-grained structure is important to improve knowledge sharing. For example, some knowledge is globally shared across all clients,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Shutong Chen , Tianyi Zhou , Guodong Long , Jie Ma , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful approach to safeguard data privacy by training models across distributed edge devices without centralizing local data. Despite advancements in homogeneous data scenarios, maintaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yuting Ma , Shengeng Tang , Xiaohua Xu , Lechao Cheng

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising approach for collaborative machine learning across distributed devices. However, its adoption is hindered by the complexity of building reliable communication architectures and the need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Chamith Mawela , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Mehdi Bennis

Federated Learning with LoRA fine-tuning offers an efficient and privacy-aware solution for institutions to collaboratively leverage their large datasets to train VLLMs. However, participating institutions often possess heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lishan Yang , Wei Emma Zhang , Nam Kha Nguygen , Po Hu , Yanjun Shu , Weitong Chen , Mong Yuan Sim