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Development of sustainable insurance for cyber risks, with associated benefits, inter alia requires reduction of ambiguity of the risk. Considering cyber risk, and data breaches in particular, as a man-made catastrophe clarifies the…
Along with the increasing frequency and severity of cyber incidents, understanding their economic implications is paramount. In this context, listed firms' reactions to cyber incidents are compelling to study since they (i) are a good proxy…
Personal data breaches from organisations, enabling mass identity fraud, constitute an \emph{extreme risk}. This risk worsens daily as an ever-growing amount of personal data are stored by organisations and on-line, and the attack surface…
Awareness about security and privacy risks is important for developing good security habits. Learning about real-world security incidents and data breaches can alert people to the ways in which their information is vulnerable online, thus…
Media reports show an alarming increase of data breaches at providers of cybersecurity products and services. Since the exposed records may reveal security-relevant data, such incidents cause undue burden and create the risk of…
It is very challenging to predict the cost of a cyber incident owing to the complex nature of cyber risk. However, it is inevitable for insurance companies who offer cyber insurance policies. The time to identifying an incident and the time…
AI companies and governments are increasingly concerned about frontier AI systems enabling cybercrime, yet defining meaningful capability thresholds requires knowing the scale of cybercrime today. Current estimates of global cybercrime…
Data security, which is concerned with the prevention of unauthorized access to computers, databases, and websites, helps protect digital privacy and ensure data integrity. It is extremely difficult, however, to make security watertight,…
Breached data refers to the unauthorized access, theft, or exposure of confidential or sensitive information. Breaches typically occur when malicious actors or unauthorized users breach secure systems or networks, resulting in compromised…
Every time the customer (individual or company) has to release personal information to its service provider (e.g., an online store or a cloud computing provider), it faces a trade-off between the benefits gained (enhanced or cheaper…
A data breach in the modern digital era is the unintentional or intentional disclosure of private data to uninvited parties. Businesses now consider data to be a crucial asset, and any breach of this data can have dire repercussions,…
Compromising social network accounts has become a profitable course of action for cybercriminals. By hijacking control of a popular media or business account, attackers can distribute their malicious messages or disseminate fake information…
Implementing large-scale information and communication technology (IT) projects carries large risks and easily might disrupt operations, waste taxpayers' money, and create negative publicity. Because of the high risks it is important that…
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of T-Mobile's critical data breaches in 2021 and 2023, alongside a full-spectrum security audit targeting its systems, infrastructure, and publicly exposed endpoints. By combining case-based…
Objective: To estimate the relationship between a hospital data breach and hospital quality outcome Materials and Methods: Hospital data breaches reported to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services breach portal and the Privacy…
The attack intensity of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks is increasing every year. Botnets based on internet of things (IOT) devices are now being used to conduct DDoS attacks. The estimation of direct and indirect economic…
Digital financial services can introduce new digital-safety risks for users, particularly survivors of intimate partner financial abuse (IPFA). To offer improved support for such users, a comprehensive understanding of their support needs…
Understanding the emergence of data breaches is crucial for cyber insurance. However, analyses of data breach frequency trends in the current literature lead to contradictory conclusions. We put forward that those discrepancies may be (at…
We develop an economic model of an offline password cracker which allows us to make quantitative predictions about the fraction of accounts that a rational password attacker would crack in the event of an authentication server breach. We…
Merging datasets across institutions is a lengthy and costly procedure, especially when it involves private information. Data hosts may therefore want to prospectively gauge which datasets are most beneficial to merge with, without…