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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet they lag significantly behind humans in spatial reasoning. We investigate this gap through Transformation-Driven Visual Reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zongzhao Li , Zongyang Ma , Mingze Li , Songyou Li , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Ziqi Zhang , Deli Zhao , Wenbing Huang

Locomotion on dynamic rigid surface (i.e., rigid surface accelerating in an inertial frame) presents complex challenges for controller design, which are essential for deploying humanoid robots in dynamic real-world environments such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yuan Gao , Victor Paredes , Yukai Gong , Zijian He , Ayonga Hereid , Yan Gu

Designing dense rewards is crucial for reinforcement learning (RL), yet in robotics it often demands extensive manual effort and lacks scalability. One promising solution is to view task progress as a dense reward signal, as it quantifies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuyang Liu , Chuan Wen , Yihang Hu , Dinesh Jayaraman , Yang Gao

Low-rank matrix factorizations arise in a wide variety of applications -- including recommendation systems, topic models, and source separation, to name just a few. In these and many other applications, it has been widely noted that by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-01 Liangbei Xu , Mark A. Davenport

Soft robots are increasingly used in healthcare, especially for assistive care, due to their inherent safety and adaptability. Controlling soft robots is challenging due to their nonlinear dynamics and the presence of time delays,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Adrià Mompó Alepuz , Dimitrios Papageorgiou , Silvia Tolu

For full-size humanoid robots, even with recent advances in reinforcement learning-based control, achieving reliable locomotion on complex terrains, such as long staircases, remains challenging. In such settings, limited perception,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Haolin Song , Hongbo Zhu , Tao Yu , Yan Liu , Mingqi Yuan , Wengang Zhou , Hua Chen , Houqiang Li

Humanoid robots have the promise of locomoting like humans, including fast and dynamic running. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) controllers that can mimic human motions have become popular as they can generate very dynamic behaviors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zachary Olkin , William D. Compton , Ryan M. Bena , Aaron D. Ames

Spatial cognition is essential for human intelligence, enabling problem-solving through visual simulations rather than solely relying on verbal reasoning. However, existing AI benchmarks primarily assess verbal reasoning, neglecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Linjie Li , Mahtab Bigverdi , Jiawei Gu , Zixian Ma , Yinuo Yang , Ziang Li , Yejin Choi , Ranjay Krishna

Optimal Control for legged robots has gone through a paradigm shift from position-based to torque-based control, owing to the latter's compliant and robust nature. In parallel to this shift, the community has also turned to Deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Shivam Sood , Ge Sun , Peizhuo Li , Guillaume Sartoretti

Recent work in data-driven modeling has demonstrated that a weak formulation of model equations enhances the noise robustness of a wide range of computational methods. In this paper, we demonstrate the power of the weak form to enhance the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-23 April Tran , Xiaolong He , Daniel A. Messenger , Youngsoo Choi , David M. Bortz

Large Language Models are increasingly proposed as cognitive components for robotic systems, yet their opaque decision processes make it difficult to explain success or failure in closed-loop embodied tasks. Following an empirical AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Oussama Zenkri , Oliver Brock

Weight tying is widely used in compact language models to reduce parameters by sharing the token table between the input embedding and the output projection. However, parameter sharing alone does not guarantee a stable token interface:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

The application of reinforcement learning to safety-critical systems is limited by the lack of formal methods for verifying the robustness and safety of learned policies. This paper introduces a novel framework that addresses this gap by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Ahmed Nasir , Abdelhafid Zenati

Precision mental health requires treatment decisions that account for heterogeneous symptoms reflecting multiple clinical domains. However, existing methods for estimating individualized treatment effects (ITE) rely on a single summary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuying Lu , Wenbo Fei , Yuanjia Wang , Molei Liu

Integrating textual graphs into Large Language Models (LLMs) is promising for complex graph-based QA. However, a key bottleneck is retrieving informative yet compact subgraphs that fit the LLM context. Existing retrievers often struggle,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ge Chang , Jinbo Su , Jiacheng Liu , Pengfei Yang , Yuhao Shang , Huiwen Zheng , Hongli Ma , Yan Liang , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu

This paper introduces Force Matching (ForM), a novel framework for generative modeling that represents an initial exploration into leveraging special relativistic mechanics to enhance the stability of the sampling process. By incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Yang Cao , Bo Chen , Xiaoyu Li , Yingyu Liang , Zhizhou Sha , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Mingda Wan

In immersive humanoid robot teleoperation, there are three main shortcomings that can alter the transparency of the visual feedback: the lag between the motion of the operator's and robot's head due to network communication delays or slow…

Autonomous magnetic catheter systems are emerging as a promising approach for the future of minimally invasive interventions. This study presents a novel approach that begins by modeling the nonlinear and hysteretic dynamics of a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Arya Rashidinejad Meibodi , Mahbod Gholamali Sinaki , Khalil Alipour

Developing agile behaviors for legged robots remains a challenging problem. While deep reinforcement learning is a promising approach, learning truly agile behaviors typically requires tedious reward shaping and careful curriculum design.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Atil Iscen , George Yu , Alejandro Escontrela , Deepali Jain , Jie Tan , Ken Caluwaerts

Recent advances in Reinforcement Learning (RL) have underscored its potential for incentivizing reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing step-level efforts suffer from costly annotations that limit domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junjie Zhang , Guozheng Ma , Shunyu Liu , Zetian Hu , Yongcheng Jing , Ting-En Lin , Yongbin Li , Dacheng Tao