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Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dimitrios Kafetzis , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

The rapid evolution and widespread adoption of generative large language models (LLMs) have made them a pivotal workload in various applications. Today, LLM inference clusters receive a large number of queries with strict Service Level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jovan Stojkovic , Chaojie Zhang , Íñigo Goiri , Josep Torrellas , Esha Choukse

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed under the Model-as-a-Service (MaaS) paradigm. To meet stringent quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, existing LLM serving systems disaggregate the prefill and decode phases of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ao Xu , Han Zhao , Weihao Cui , Quan Chen , Yukang Chen , Shulai Zhang , Shuang Chen , Jiemin Jiang , Zhibin Yu , Minyi Guo

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are distinguished by their multimodal comprehensive ability and widely used in many real-world applications including GPT-4o, autonomous driving and robotics. Despite their impressive performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Zhenyu Ning , Jieru Zhao , Qihao Jin , Wenchao Ding , Minyi Guo

Private large language model (LLM) inference based on secure multi-party computation (MPC) achieves formal data privacy protection but suffers from significant latency overhead, especially for long input sequences. While key-value (KV)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wenxuan Zeng , Ye Dong , Jinjin Zhou , Jin Tan , Lei Wang , Tao Wei , Runsheng Wang , Meng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter severe memory inefficiencies during long-context inference due to conventional handling of key-value (KV) caches. In this work, we introduce a novel integration of PagedAttention with PyTorch's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Thomas Joshi , Herman Saini , Neil Dhillon , Antoni Viros i Martin , Kaoutar El Maghraoui

Modern software systems generate massive volumes of runtime logs, necessitating efficient and accurate log parsing to enable critical downstream tasks such as anomaly detection and root cause analysis. Recently, large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yilun Wang , Pengfei Chen , Haiyu Huang , Zilong He , Gou Tan , Chuanfu Zhang , Jingkai He , Zibin Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized a wide range of domains such as natural language processing, computer vision, and multi-modal tasks due to their ability to comprehend context and perform logical reasoning. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haoyang Li , Yiming Li , Anxin Tian , Tianhao Tang , Zhanchao Xu , Xuejia Chen , Nicole Hu , Wei Dong , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) at scale requires meeting strict Service Level Objectives (SLOs) under severe computational and memory constraints. Nevertheless, traditional caching strategies fall short: exact-matching and prefix…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jungwoo Kim , Minsang Kim , Jaeheon Lee , Chanwoo Moon , Heejin Kim , Taeho Hwang , Woosuk Chung , Yeseong Kim , Sungjin Lee

The emergence of reasoning-based LLMs leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) inference introduces new serving challenges, as their extended reasoning phases delay user-visible output and inflate Time-To-First-Token (TTFT). Existing LLM serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Eunyeong Cho , Jehyeon Bang , Ranggi Hwang , Minsoo Rhu

Latency remains a critical bottleneck for deploying foundational artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as large language models (LLMs), in customer-facing, real-time applications. While cloud-based inference offers scalability, it…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sebastian Barros

The increasing complexity of AI tasks has shifted the paradigm from monolithic models toward multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems. However, these collaborative architectures introduce a critical bottleneck: redundant prefill…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yingsheng Geng , Yuchong Gao , Weihong Wu , Guyue Liu , Jiang Liu

Nowadays, many companies possess various types of AI accelerators, forming heterogeneous clusters. Efficiently leveraging these clusters for high-throughput large language model (LLM) inference services can significantly reduce costs and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Xiong , Jinqi Huang , Wenjie Huang , Xuebing Yu , Entong Li , Zhixiong Ning , Jinhua Zhou , Li Zeng , Xin Chen

With reasoning becoming the generative paradigm for large language models (LLMs), the memory bottleneck caused by KV cache during the decoding phase has become a critical factor limiting high-concurrency service. Although existing KV cache…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mengqi Liao , Lu Wang , Chaoyun Zhang , Bo Qiao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Huaiyu Wan

Large-scale deep learning workloads increasingly suffer from I/O bottlenecks as datasets grow beyond local storage capacities and GPU compute outpaces network and disk latencies. While recent systems optimize data-loading time, they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hasibul Jamil , MD S Q Zulkar Nine , Tevfik Kosar

LLM-based workflows compose specialized agents to execute complex tasks, and these agents usually share substantial context, allowing KV-Cache reuse to save computation. Existing approaches either manage KV-Cache at agent level and fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Haoyu Zheng , Fangcheng Fu , Jia Wu , Binhang Yuan , Yongqiang Zhang , Hao Wang , Yuanyuan Zhu , Xiao Yan , Jiawei Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) deployed on edge servers are increasingly used in latency-sensitive applications such as personalized assistants, recommendation, and content moderation. However, the non-stationary nature of user data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yufei Li , Yu Fu , Yue Dong , Cong Liu

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), handling long context has become one of the vital abilities in LLMs. Such long-context ability is accompanied by difficulties in deployment, especially due to the increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhuorui Liu , Chen Zhang , Dawei Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming recommendation from ranking into a generative task, but industrial deployment remains limited by the high latency of processing long, personalized prompts. Standard prefix caching provides…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhan Zhao , Yuxin Wang , Amelie Chi Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang