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Understanding real-world videos with complex semantics and long temporal dependencies remains a fundamental challenge in computer vision. Recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has demonstrated strong capabilities in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hongyu Li , Songhao Han , Yue Liao , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao , Shuicheng Yan , Si Liu

Building generalist agents that can accomplish many goals in rich open-ended environments is one of the research frontiers for reinforcement learning. A key limiting factor for building generalist agents with RL has been the need for a…

Outcome-reward reinforcement learning (RL) is a common and increasingly significant way to refine the step-by-step reasoning of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). In the multiple-choice setting - a dominant format for multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jiahao Wang , Weiye Xu , Aijun Yang , Wengang Zhou , Lewei Lu , Houqiang Li , Xiaohua Wang , Jinguo Zhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) with outcome-based rewards has proven effective for improving large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. However, its success often depends on the base model occasionally sampling correct solutions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jatin Prakash , Anirudh Buvanesh

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen classes by transferring semantic knowledge from seen classes to unseen ones, guided by semantic information. To this end, existing works have demonstrated remarkable performance by utilizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Wenjin Hou , Dingjie Fu , Kun Li , Shiming Chen , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) and cold-start recommendation (CSR) are two challenging problems in computer vision and recommender system, respectively. In general, they are independently investigated in different communities. This paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Jingjing Li , Mengmeng Jing , Ke Lu , Lei Zhu , Yang Yang , Zi Huang

We present a novel counterfactual framework for both Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) and Open-Set Recognition (OSR), whose common challenge is generalizing to the unseen-classes by only training on the seen-classes. Our idea stems from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Zhongqi Yue , Tan Wang , Hanwang Zhang , Qianru Sun , Xian-Sheng Hua

The study of zero-shot generalisation (ZSG) in deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to produce RL algorithms whose policies generalise well to novel unseen situations at deployment time, avoiding overfitting to their training environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Robert Kirk , Amy Zhang , Edward Grefenstette , Tim Rocktäschel

Generative models have achieved state-of-the-art performance for the zero-shot learning problem, but they require re-training the classifier every time a new object category is encountered. The traditional semantic embedding approaches,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Ayyappa Kumar Pambala , Titir Dutta , Soma Biswas

We improve zero-shot learning (ZSL) by incorporating common-sense knowledge in DNNs. We propose Common-Sense based Neuro-Symbolic Loss (CSNL) that formulates prior knowledge as novel neuro-symbolic loss functions that regularize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Karan Sikka , Jihua Huang , Andrew Silberfarb , Prateeth Nayak , Luke Rohrer , Pritish Sahu , John Byrnes , Ajay Divakaran , Richard Rohwer

Generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) is a technique to train a deep learning model to identify unseen classes using the attribute. In this paper, we put forth a new GZSL technique that improves the GZSL classification performance greatly.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Junhan Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Byonghyo Shim

Visual Reinforcement Learning is a popular and powerful framework that takes full advantage of the Deep Learning breakthrough. It is known that variations in input domains (e.g., different panorama colors due to seasonal changes) or task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Antonio Pio Ricciardi , Valentino Maiorca , Luca Moschella , Riccardo Marin , Emanuele Rodolà

Compositional Zero-Shot Learning (CZSL) aims to recognize novel attribute-object compositions based on the knowledge learned from seen ones. Existing methods suffer from performance degradation caused by the distribution shift of label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xudong Yan , Songhe Feng , Jiaxin Wang , Xin Su , Yi Jin

In Zero-shot learning (ZSL), we classify unseen categories using textual descriptions about their expected appearance when observed (class embeddings) and a disjoint pool of seen classes, for which annotated visual data are accessible. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Jacopo Cavazza

Generalized Zero-shot Semantic Segmentation aims to segment both seen and unseen categories only under the supervision of the seen ones. To tackle this, existing methods adopt the large-scale Vision Language Models (VLMs) which obtain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jialei Chen , Daisuke Deguchi , Chenkai Zhang , Xu Zheng , Hiroshi Murase

Agentic large language models often rely on skills, reusable natural language procedures that guide planning, action, and tool use. In practice, skills are typically improved through prompt engineering or by aligning the task LLM itself,…

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). However, this accuracy-oriented learning paradigm often suffers from entropy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hongye Cao , Zhixin Bai , Ziyue Peng , Boyan Wang , Tianpei Yang , Jing Huo , Yuyao Zhang , Yang Gao

In this work, we address the challenge of zero-shot generalization (ZSG) in Reinforcement Learning (RL), where agents must adapt to entirely novel environments without additional training. We argue that understanding and utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tidiane Camaret Ndir , André Biedenkapp , Noor Awad

Recent advances in large language and vision-language models have enabled strong reasoning capabilities, yet they remain impractical for specialized domains like remote sensing, where annotated data is scarce and expensive. We present the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Aybora Koksal , A. Aydin Alatan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong performance in zero-shot image classification tasks. However, existing methods, including Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), all rely on annotated text-to-image pairs for aligning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Dianxing Shi , Dingjie Fu , Yuqiao Liu , Jun Wang
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