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Video large language models (Video-LLMs) have made strong progress in general video understanding, but their ability to maintain temporal object consistency remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks often emphasize event recognition,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Junzhe Chen , Siyuan Meng , Yuxi Chen , Man Zhao , Wenyao Gui , Xiaojie Guo

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

The recent development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has significantly advanced AI's ability to understand visual modalities. However, existing evaluation benchmarks remain limited to single-turn question answering,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yaning Pan , Qianqian Xie , Guohui Zhang , Zekun Wang , Yongqian Wen , Yuanxing Zhang , Haoxuan Hu , Zhiyu Pan , Yibing Huang , Zhidong Gan , Yonghong Lin , An Ping , Shihao Li , Yanghai Wang , Tianhao Peng , Jiaheng Liu

A reliable driving assistant should provide consistent responses based on temporally grounded reasoning derived from observed information. In this work, we investigate whether Vision-Language Models (VLMs), when applied as driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chun-Peng Chang , Chen-Yu Wang , Holger Caesar , Alain Pagani

Visualizations play a pivotal role in daily communication in an increasingly data-driven world. Research on multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for automated chart understanding has accelerated massively, with steady improvements on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jonathan Tonglet , Tinne Tuytelaars , Marie-Francine Moens , Iryna Gurevych

The use of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) as an end-to-end solution for Embodied AI and Autonomous Driving has become a prevailing trend. While MLLMs have been extensively studied for visual semantic understanding tasks, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yun Li , Yiming Zhang , Tao Lin , Xiangrui Liu , Wenxiao Cai , Zheng Liu , Bo Zhao

Large vision-and-language models (VLMs) trained to match images with text on large-scale datasets of image-text pairs have shown impressive generalization ability on several vision and language tasks. Several recent works, however, showed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Navid Rajabi , Jana Kosecka

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing both visual and textual information. However, the critical challenge of alignment between visual and textual representations is not fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dong Shu , Haiyan Zhao , Jingyu Hu , Weiru Liu , Ali Payani , Lu Cheng , Mengnan Du

Visual Question Answering (VQA), as the representative multimodal task, serves as a key benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing evaluations largely rely on static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Quanxing Xu , Yuhao Tian , Ling Zhou , Xian Zhong , Xiaohua Huang , Rubing Huang , Chia-Wen Lin

Contemporary Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on a wide range of tasks by pairing a vision encoder with a pre-trained language model, fine-tuned for visual-text inputs. Yet despite these gains, it remains unclear how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lachin Naghashyar , Hunar Batra , Ashkan Khakzar , Philip Torr , Ronald Clark , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Constantin Venhoff

Reinforcement learning (RL) finetuning has become a key technique for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on reasoning-intensive tasks, motivating its extension to vision-language models (VLMs). While RL-tuned VLMs improve on visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Rosie Zhao , Anshul Shah , Xiaoyu Zhu , Xinke Deng , Zhongyu Jiang , Yang Yang , Joerg Liebelt , Arnab Mondal

Spatial intelligence is essential for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) operating in the complex physical world. Existing benchmarks, however, probe only single-image relations and thus fail to assess the multi-image spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sihan Yang , Runsen Xu , Yiman Xie , Sizhe Yang , Mo Li , Jingli Lin , Chenming Zhu , Xiaochen Chen , Haodong Duan , Xiangyu Yue , Dahua Lin , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools, excelling in tasks that integrate visual and textual comprehension, such as image captioning, visual question answering, and image-text retrieval. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ilias Stogiannidis , Steven McDonagh , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

With the rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), models have demonstrated increasingly powerful multimodal capabilities. However, whether MLLMs trained through statistical learning can truly understand the causal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junzhe Zhang , Huixuan Zhang , Guirong Wang , Xingyao Zhang , Pei Liu , Lin Qu , Hu Wei , Xiaojun Wan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show strong visual perception, yet remain limited in reasoning about space under changing viewpoints. We study this challenge as Perspective-Conditioned Spatial Reasoning (PCSR) in 360-degree…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuangong Chen , Wai Keung Wong , Jiaxing Li , Ioannis Patras , Xu Zheng

Recent advancements in multimodal techniques open exciting possibilities for models excelling in diverse tasks involving text, audio, and image processing. Models like GPT-4V, blending computer vision and language modeling, excel in complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Zijun Wu , Ning Shi

Visual-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in image captioning, visual question answering, and visual reasoning. Yet they remain prone to vision-language misalignment, often producing overly generic or hallucinated…

Spatial expressions in situated communication can be ambiguous, as their meanings vary depending on the frames of reference (FoR) adopted by speakers and listeners. While spatial language understanding and reasoning by vision-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Zheyuan Zhang , Fengyuan Hu , Jayjun Lee , Freda Shi , Parisa Kordjamshidi , Joyce Chai , Ziqiao Ma

This paper presents ConvBench, a novel multi-turn conversation evaluation benchmark tailored for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Unlike existing benchmarks that assess individual capabilities in single-turn dialogues, ConvBench adopts…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shuo Liu , Kaining Ying , Hao Zhang , Yue Yang , Yuqi Lin , Tianle Zhang , Chuanhao Li , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo , Wenqi Shao , Kaipeng Zhang