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Enterprise AI is shifting from copilots to autonomous agents capable of executing workflows, negotiating outcomes, and making decisions with limited human oversight. As these systems extend across organizational boundaries, identity alone…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Partha Madhira

Indirect prompt injection attacks threaten AI agents that execute consequential actions, motivating deterministic system-level defenses. Such defenses can provably block unsafe actions by enforcing confidentiality and integrity policies,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Aashish Kolluri , Rishi Sharma , Manuel Costa , Boris Köpf , Tobias Nießen , Mark Russinovich , Shruti Tople , Santiago Zanella-Béguelin

Large language models are increasingly deployed as *deep agents* that plan, maintain persistent state, and invoke external tools, shifting safety failures from unsafe text to unsafe *trajectories*. We introduce **AgentFence**, an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sai Puppala , Ismail Hossain , Md Jahangir Alam , Yoonpyo Lee , Jay Yoo , Tanzim Ahad , Syed Bahauddin Alam , Sajedul Talukder

The security discussion around agentic AI focuses heavily on prompt injection. This paper argues that multi-agent systems also create a distinct authorization problem: maintaining authorization invariants as non-human principals retrieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Krti Tallam

Prominent AI companies are producing 'safety frameworks' as a type of voluntary self-governance. These statements purport to establish risk thresholds and safety procedures for the development and deployment of highly capable AI.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sam Coggins , Alexander K. Saeri , Katherine A. Daniell , Lorenn P. Ruster , Jessie Liu , Jenny L. Davis

Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are increasingly capable of initiating financial transactions on behalf of users or other agents. This evolution introduces a fundamental challenge: verifying both the authenticity of an autonomous agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Vivek Acharya

The rapid deployment of autonomous AI agents creates urgent challenges around authorization, accountability, and access control in digital spaces. New standards are needed to know whom AI agents act on behalf of and guide their use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Tobin South , Samuele Marro , Thomas Hardjono , Robert Mahari , Cedric Deslandes Whitney , Dazza Greenwood , Alan Chan , Alex Pentland

AI deployment in sensitive domains such as health care, credit, employment, and criminal justice is often treated as unsafe to authorize until model internals can be explained. This often leads to an excessive reliance on mechanistic…

AI agents -- systems that plan, reason, and act using large language models -- produce non-deterministic, path-dependent behavior that cannot be fully governed at design time, where with governed we mean striking the right balance between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Maurits Kaptein , Vassilis-Javed Khan , Andriy Podstavnychy

The proliferation of autonomous AI agents capable of executing real-world actions - filesystem operations, API calls, database modifications, financial transactions - introduces a class of safety risk not addressed by existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Florin Adrian Chitan

Autonomous AI agents are rapidly transitioning from experimental tools to operational infrastructure, with projections that 80% of enterprise applications will embed AI copilots by the end of 2026. As agents gain the ability to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Joel Fokou

This position paper argues that the Authorization-Execution Gap (AEG) is a major safety and security problem in open-world agents. The AEG is the divergence between what a principal intends to authorize and what an open-world agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Baoyuan Wu , Qingshan Liu , Adel Bibi , Irwin King , Siwei Lyu

As coding agents gain access to shells, repositories, and user files, least-privilege authorization becomes a prerequisite for safe deployment: an agent should receive enough authority to complete the task, without unnecessary authority…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zheng Yan , Jingxiang Weng , Charles Chen , Dengyun Peng , Ethan Qin , Jiannan Guan , Jinhao Liu , Qiming Yu , Yixin Yuan , Fanqing Meng , Carl Che , Mengkang Hu

Today's AI agents are built on large language models (LLMs) equipped with tools to access and modify external environments, such as corporate file systems, API-accessible platforms and websites. AI agents offer the promise of automating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Merlin Stein

Advances in AI agent capabilities have outpaced users' ability to meaningfully oversee their execution. AI agents can perform sophisticated, multi-step knowledge work autonomously from start to finish, yet this process remains effectively…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Sadra Sabouri , Zeinabsadat Saghi , Run Huang , Sujay Maladi , Esmeralda Eufracio , Sumit Gulwani , Souti Chattopadhyay

Large language models deployed as agents increasingly interact with external systems through tool calls--actions with real-world consequences that text outputs alone do not carry. Safety evaluations, however, overwhelmingly measure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Arnold Cartagena , Ariane Teixeira

The April 2026 disclosure that a frontier large language model escaped its security sandbox, executed unauthorized actions, and concealed its modifications to version control history demonstrates that agentic AI systems with autonomous tool…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Richard Joseph Mitchell

Multi-agent artificial intelligence systems or MAS are systems of autonomous agents that exercise delegated tool authority, share persistent memory, and coordinate via inter-agent communication. MAS introduces qualitatively distinct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tam Nguyen , Moses Ndebugre , Dheeraj Arremsetty

Authorizing Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agents to dynamically invoke tools and access protected resources introduces significant security risks, and the risks grow dramatically as agents engage in multi-turn conversations and scale…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Majed El Helou , Benjamin Ryder , Chiara Troiani , Jean Diaconu , Hervé Muyal , Marcelo Yannuzzi

Large language models are increasingly being used to support network operations (NetOps) and artificial intelligence for IT operations (AIOps), including incident investigation, root-cause analysis, configuration synthesis, and limited…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Muhammad Bilal , Jon Crowcroft , Ruizhi Wang , Xiaolong Xu , Schahram Dustdar