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Large language model (LLM)-based educational assistants often provide direct answers that short-circuit learning by reducing exploration, self-explanation, and engagement with course materials. We present BLADE (Better Language Answers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Chathuri Jayaweera , Bonnie J. Dorr

This work introduces RARE (Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning Enhancement), a versatile extension to the mutual reasoning framework (rStar), aimed at enhancing reasoning accuracy and factual integrity across large language models (LLMs) for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hieu Tran , Zonghai Yao , Junda Wang , Yifan Zhang , Zhichao Yang , Hong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) generate outputs by utilizing extensive context, which often includes redundant information from prompts, retrieved passages, and interaction history. In critical applications, it is vital to identify which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Poushali Sengupta , Shashi Raj Pandey , Sabita Maharjan , Frank Eliassen

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated promising generative capabilities and are increasingly used to produce formal languages defined by context-free grammars, such as source code and chemical expressions. However, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yitong Zhang , Yongmin Li , Yuetong Liu , Jia Li , Xiaoran Jia , Zherui Li , Ge Li

Language models hold incredible promise for enabling scientific discovery by synthesizing massive research corpora. Many complex scientific research questions have multiple plausible answers, each supported by evidence of varying strength.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ravi Patel , Angus Brayne , Rogier Hintzen , Daniel Jaroslawicz , Georgiana Neculae , Dane Corneil

Retrieval-augmented generation improves various aspects of large language models (LLMs) generation, but suffers from computational overhead caused by long contexts as well as the propagation of irrelevant retrieved information into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Nadezhda Chirkova , Thibault Formal , Vassilina Nikoulina , Stéphane Clinchant

We introduce PARSE (PArallel pRefix Speculative Engine), a speculative generation framework that accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by parallelizing prefix verification on a semantic level. Existing speculative decoding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yuncheng Yao , Yuxuan Xia , Shengjie Wang , Danyang Zhuo

Recently, building retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems to enhance the capability of large language models (LLMs) has become a common practice. Especially in the legal domain, previous judicial decisions play a significant role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Minhu Park , Hongseok Oh , Eunkyung Choi , Wonseok Hwang

Vision language models (VLMs) are increasingly capable of reasoning over images, but robust visual reasoning often requires re-grounding intermediate steps in the underlying visual evidence. Recent approaches typically rely on external…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zeru Shi , Kai Mei , Yihao Quan , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Ruixiang Tang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have found success in real-world applications, their underlying explanatory process is still poorly understood. This paper proposes IBE-Eval, a framework inspired by philosophical accounts on Inference to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Dhairya Dalal , Marco Valentino , André Freitas , Paul Buitelaar

Automatic relationship extraction (RE) from biomedical literature is critical for managing the vast amount of scientific knowledge produced each year. In recent years, utilizing pre-trained language models (PLMs) has become the prevalent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Mario Sänger , Ulf Leser

Authorship Verification (AV) (do two documents have the same author?) is essential in many real-life applications. AV is often used in privacy-sensitive domains that require an offline proprietary model that is deployed on premises, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Sahana Ramnath , Kartik Pandey , Elizabeth Boschee , Xiang Ren

Generative agents based on large language models reproduce believable human behavior in cooperative settings, but how they should reason in situations where rule-breaking may be required, such as fire evacuation or authority-supervised…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ahmad Yehia , Abduallah Mohamed , Kun Qian , Tianyi Wang , Jiseop Byeon , Omar Hassanin , Christian Claudel

The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework utilizes a combination of parametric knowledge and external knowledge to demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on open-domain question answering tasks. However, the RAG framework suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kiseung Kim , Jay-Yoon Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive results across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet they can often produce factually incorrect outputs. This paper introduces a simple but effective low-latency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Changmao Li , Jeffrey Flanigan

Personalization in Question Answering (QA) requires answers that are both accurate and aligned with users' background, preferences, and historical context. Existing state-of-the-art methods primarily rely on retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Maryam Amirizaniani , Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone technique for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, current RAG systems face two critical limitations: (1) they inefficiently retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Wang Chen , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Yang Li , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Verifiers are auxiliary models that assess the correctness of outputs generated by base large language models (LLMs). They play a crucial role in many strategies for solving reasoning-intensive problems with LLMs. Typically, verifiers are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Bartosz Piotrowski , Witold Drzewakowski , Konrad Staniszewski , Piotr Miłoś

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant performance improvements across various cognitive tasks. An emerging application is using LLMs to enhance retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities. These systems require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Satyapriya Krishna , Kalpesh Krishna , Anhad Mohananey , Steven Schwarcz , Adam Stambler , Shyam Upadhyay , Manaal Faruqui

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world, autonomous applications, relying on static, pre-annotated references for evaluation poses significant challenges in cost, scalability, and completeness. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sher Badshah , Ali Emami , Hassan Sajjad