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Embodied agents are evolving from passive reasoning systems into active executors that interact with tools, robots, and physical environments. Once granted execution authority, the central challenge becomes how to keep actions governable at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xue Qin , Simin Luan , John See , Cong Yang , Zhijun Li

Coordinating navigation and manipulation with robust performance is essential for embodied AI in complex indoor environments. However, as tasks extend over long horizons, existing methods often struggle due to catastrophic forgetting,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jingjing Qian , Zeyuan He , Chen Shi , Lei Xiao , Li Jiang

Goal-conditioned robotic grasping in cluttered environments remains a challenging problem due to occlusions caused by surrounding objects, which prevent direct access to the target object. A promising solution to mitigate this issue is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Boce Hu , Heng Tian , Dian Wang , Haojie Huang , Xupeng Zhu , Robin Walters , Robert Platt

Recent advances in end-to-end autonomous driving show that policies trained on patch-aligned features extracted from foundation models generalize better to Out-of-Distribution (OOD). We hypothesize that due to the self-attention mechanism,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Amir Mallak , Erfan Aasi , Shiva Sreeram , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Daniela Rus , Alaa Maalouf

In this work, we address the cooperation problem among large language model (LLM) based embodied agents, where agents must cooperate to achieve a common goal. Previous methods often execute actions extemporaneously and incoherently, without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jie Liu , Pan Zhou , Yingjun Du , Ah-Hwee Tan , Cees G. M. Snoek , Jan-Jakob Sonke , Efstratios Gavves

This paper introduces two novel modifications to the Dynamic sAmpling Policy Optimization (DAPO) algorithm [1], approached from a mixed-policy perspective. Standard policy gradient methods can suffer from instability and sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Hongze Tan , Yuchen Li

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous driving systems demonstrates strong common sense and reasoning abilities, effectively addressing the pitfalls of purely data-driven methods. Current LLM-based agents require…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Xiangyu Yin , Guangliang Cheng , Xingyu Zhao , Meng Fang , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang

Diffusion Policy (DP) excels in embodied control but suffers from high inference latency and computational cost due to multiple iterative denoising steps. The temporal complexity of embodied tasks demands a dynamic and adaptable computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ye Li , Jiahe Feng , Yuan Meng , Kangye Ji , Chen Tang , Xinwan Wen , Shutao Xia , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Policy constraint methods to offline reinforcement learning (RL) typically utilize parameterization or regularization that constrains the policy to perform actions within the support set of the behavior policy. The elaborative designs of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Jialong Wu , Haixu Wu , Zihan Qiu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a popular model-free reinforcement learning algorithm, esteemed for its simplicity and efficacy. However, due to its inherent on-policy nature, its proficiency in harnessing data from disparate policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yaozhong Gan , Renye Yan , Xiaoyang Tan , Zhe Wu , Junliang Xing

While Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms achieve unprecedented successes across complex continuous domains, their standard deployment strictly adheres to a synchronous operational paradigm. Under this paradigm, agents are…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Igor Jankowski

Online policy learning directly in the physical world is a promising yet challenging direction for embodied intelligence. Unlike simulation, real-world systems cannot be arbitrarily accelerated, cheaply reset, or massively replicated, which…

We study the problem of Safe Policy Improvement (SPI) under constraints in the offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) setting. We consider the scenario where: (i) we have a dataset collected under a known baseline policy, (ii) multiple reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Harsh Satija , Philip S. Thomas , Joelle Pineau , Romain Laroche

Most reinforcement learning algorithms are based on a key assumption that Markov decision processes (MDPs) are stationary. However, non-stationary MDPs with dynamic action space are omnipresent in real-world scenarios. Yet problems of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Jiaqi Ye , Xiaodong Li , Pangjing Wu , Feng Wang

On-policy reinforcement learning methods, like Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), often demand extensive data per update, leading to sample inefficiency. This paper introduces Reflective Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yaozhong Gan , Renye Yan , Zhe Wu , Junliang Xing

We introduce a sample-efficient method for learning state-dependent stiffness control policies for dexterous manipulation. The ability to control stiffness facilitates safe and reliable manipulation by providing compliance and robustness to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Mincheol Kim , Scott Niekum , Ashish D. Deshpande

Model-free policy learning has enabled robust performance of complex tasks with relatively simple algorithms. However, this simplicity comes at the cost of requiring an Oracle and arguably very poor sample complexity. This renders such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-11-10 James Harrison , Animesh Garg , Boris Ivanovic , Yuke Zhu , Silvio Savarese , Li Fei-Fei , Marco Pavone

Developing autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires not only safety and efficiency, but also realistic, human-like behaviors that are socially aware and predictable. Achieving this requires sim agent policies that are human-like, fast, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wei-Jer Chang , Akshay Rangesh , Kevin Joseph , Matthew Strong , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Yihan Hu , Wei Zhan

General-purpose robots require diverse repertoires of behaviors to complete challenging tasks in real-world unstructured environments. To address this issue, goal-conditioned reinforcement learning aims to acquire policies that can reach…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Kuan Fang , Patrick Yin , Ashvin Nair , Sergey Levine

Learning control policies in simulation enables rapid, safe, and cost-effective development of advanced robotic capabilities. However, transferring these policies to the real world remains difficult due to the sim-to-real gap, where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jiahe Pan , Jiaxu Xing , Rudolf Reiter , Yifan Zhai , Elie Aljalbout , Davide Scaramuzza