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Active metasurfaces incorporating electro-optic (EO) materials enable high-speed free-space optical modulators that show great promise for a wide range of emerging applications, including free-space optical communication, light detection…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-07 Go Soma , Koto Ariu , Seidai Karakida , Yusuke Tsubai , Takuo Tanemura

Dynamic control of metamaterials and metasurfaces is crucial for many photonic technologies, such as flat lenses, displays, augmented reality devices, and beam steering, to name a few. The dynamic response is typically achieved by…

Multilayer metasurfaces (MLMs) represent a versatile type of three-dimensional optical metamaterials that could enable ultra-thin and multi-functional photonic components. Herein we demonstrate an approach to readily fabricate MLMs…

Optics · Physics 2019-09-17 Esteban Bermúdez-Ureña , Ullrich Steiner

As two-dimensional metamaterials, metasurfaces open up new avenues for designing static planar optics. However, the dynamic modulation of metasurfaces in the optical band is required for practical applications. The existing dynamic devices…

Metasurfaces are an emerging platform for manipulating light on a two-dimensional plane. Existing metasurfaces comprise arrays of optical resonators such as plasmonic antennas or high-index nanorods. In this letter, we describe a new…

Optics · Physics 2017-08-30 Ming Zhou , Jingfeng Liu , Mikhail Kats , Zongfu Yu

Under a thin lens and paraxial approximation, the phase transformation function of a lens was simulated on a Liquid Crystal (LC) based Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). The properties of an array of such lenses simulated on transmitting type…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-08 Akondi Vyas , M B Roopashree , B Raghavendra Prasad

Thermo-optical nonlinearities (TONL) in metasurfaces enable dynamic control of optical properties like transmission, reflection, and absorption through external stimuli such as laser irradiation or temperature. As slow thermal dynamics of…

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) panels, renowned for their high resolution and fill-factor, are integral to modern projection displays. However, their inherent polarization sensitivity constrains the upper limit of light utilization,…

Random lasers (RL) emit light through multiple scattering in disordered gain media, typically resulting in isotropic emission with limited directionality control. Controlling RL emission direction in compact systems remains a challenge.…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-11 Khoi Anh Pham , Giuseppe Strangi

From the demonstration of saturable absorption by Vavilow and Levshin in 1926, and with invention of the laser, unavailability of strongly nonlinear materials was a key obstacle for developing optical signal processing, in particular in…

Optics · Physics 2015-12-02 Jun-Yu Ou , Eric Plum , Jianfa Zhang , Nikolay I. Zheludev

Tunable optical devices, in particular, varifocal lenses, have important applications in various fields, including imaging and adaptive vision. Recent advances in metasurfaces, which control the wavefront of light using subwavelength-spaced…

Optics · Physics 2017-08-08 Alan She , Shuyan Zhang , Samuel Shian , David R. Clarke , Federico Capasso

Emerging immersive visual communication technologies require light sources with complex functionality for dynamic control of polarization, directivity, wavefront, spectrum, and intensity of light. Currently, this is mostly achieved by free…

Dynamic optical metasurfaces with ultrafast temporal response, i.e., spatiotemporal optical metasurfaces, provide attractive solutions and open fascinating perspectives for modern highly integrated optics and photonics. In this work,…

Tunable nonlinearity facilitates the creation of reconfigurable nonlinear metasurfaces, enabling innovative applications in signal processing, light switching, and sensing. This paper presents a novel approach to electrically modulate SHG…

Many applications of metasurfaces require an ability to dynamically change their properties in time domain. Electrical tuning techniques are of particular interest, since they pave a way to on-chip integration of metasurfaces with…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-19 Bofeng Gao , Mengxin Ren , Wei Wu , Wei Cai , Jingjun Xu

Plasmonic metasurfaces play a crucial role in resonance-driven photocatalytic reactions by effectively enhancing reactivity via localized surface plasmon resonances. Catalytic activity can be selectively modulated by tuning the strength of…

Free-space modulation of light is crucial for many applications, from light detection and ranging to virtual or augmented reality. Traditional means of modulating free-space light involves spatial light modulators based on liquid crystals…

Performing linear operations using optical devices is a crucial building block in many fields ranging from telecommunication to optical analogue computation and machine learning. For many of these applications, key requirements are…

Reconfigurable photonic devices capable of routing the flow of light enable flexible integrated-optic circuits that are not hard-wired but can be externally controlled. Analogous to free-space spatial light modulators, we demonstrate…

Nonlinear metasurfaces are multifunctional photonic elements that generate and control light, enabling multiple proof-of-principle applications, such as in nonlinear holography, beam shaping, and nanoscale sources of entangled photon pairs.…