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Linear field perturbations of a black hole are described by the Green function of the wave equation that they obey. After Fourier decomposing the Green function, its two natural contributions are given by poles (quasinormal modes) and a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Marc Casals , Adrian C. Ottewill

The retarded Green function for linear field perturbations in Schwarzschild black hole space-time possesses a branch cut in the complex-frequency plane. This branch cut has remained largely unexplored: only asymptotic analyses either for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-14 Marc Casals , Adrian C. Ottewill

The 'retarded' Green function for fields propagating on a Schwarzschild black hole spacetime possesses a branch cut on the complex frequency plane. Classically, the branch cut is important, for example, in order to fully determine the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Marc Casals , Adrian C. Ottewill

We present a formulation of the spherically decomposed Green's function for a Schwarzschild black hole, based on a decomposition into two components, $G^+$ and $G^-$, based on their large-frequency behaviour. While similar decompositions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-25 Junquan Su , Neev Khera , Marc Casals , Sizheng Ma , Abhishek Chowdhuri , Huan Yang

Gravitational waves generated by moving sources in Schwarzschild spacetime can be decomposed into three principal components: quasinormal modes, tail, and prompt response. While the first two have been extensively studied, a systematic and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 Sizheng Ma

In the analysis of a binary black hole coalescence, it is necessary to include gravitational self-interactions in order to describe the transition of the gravitational wave signal from the merger to the ringdown stage. In this paper we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-08 Macarena Lagos , Lam Hui

We extend the frequency-domain analysis of quasinormal modes in a dynamical, spherically symmetric black hole spacetime undergoing constant-rate mass evolution. In particular, we report a novel feature of the spectrum: the presence of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-29 Lodovico Capuano , Thomas Lovo , Gorka Prieto-Varela , Subhodeep Sarkar , Adrien Kuntz , Enrico Barausse , Dawood Kothawala

We consider the initial value problem for a massless scalar field in the Schwarzschild geometry. When constructed using a complex-frequency approach the necessary Green's function splits into three components. We discuss all of these in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-24 Nils Andersson

Quasinormal modes describe the return to equilibrium of a perturbed system, in particular the ringdown phase of a black hole merger. But as globally-defined quantities, the quasinormal spectrum can be highly sensitive to global structure,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-18 Lam Hui , Daniel Kabat , Sam S. C. Wong

We present the first numerical construction of the scalar Schwarzschild Green function in the time-domain, which reveals several universal features of wave propagation in black hole spacetimes. We demonstrate the trapping of energy near the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-09-27 Anıl Zenginoğlu , Chad R. Galley

We study the late-time relaxation of a perturbed Schwarzschild black hole, driven by a source term representing an infalling particle in generic orbits. We consider quasi-circular and eccentric binaries, dynamical captures and radial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-04 Marina De Amicis , Simone Albanesi , Gregorio Carullo

It is well-known that the dominant late time behavior of waves propagating on a Schwarzschild spacetime is a power-law tail; tails for other spacetimes have also been studied. This paper presents a systematic treatment of the tail…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 E. S. C. Ching , P. T. Leung , W. M. Suen , K. Young

Recent work has shown that the quasinormal mode spectrum of black holes is unstable under small perturbations (of order $\epsilon$) of the radial potential, while the early time-domain ringdown waveform is only marginally affected. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-10 Yiqiu Yang , Zhan-Feng Mai , Run-Qiu Yang , Lijing Shao , Emanuele Berti

We establish the analytic structure of the S-matrix in the complex-frequency plane for classical wave scattering on a Schwarzschild background in four space-time dimensions. Our argument relies on the analytic continuation of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-01 Miguel Correia , Tushar Gopalka , Giulia Isabella , Anna M. Wolz

In black hole perturbation formalism, the gravitational waveform is obtained by the convolution of the Green's function and the source term causing radiation emission. Hence, the ringdown properties, namely its start time, depend on both…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-09 Naritaka Oshita , Vitor Cardoso

We study the dynamical excitation of quasinormal modes (QNMs) through the plunge, merger and ringdown of an extreme-mass-ratio-inspiral into a Schwarzschild black hole, for generic orbital configurations. We work out the QNM causality…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-09 Marina De Amicis , Enrico Cannizzaro , Gregorio Carullo , Laura Sberna

The computation of the gravitational radiation emitted by a particle falling into a Schwarzschild black hole is a classic problem studied already in the 1970s. Here we present a detailed numerical analysis of the case of radial infall…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-23 Ermis Mitsou

Using the Green's function representation technique, the late time behavior of localized scalar field distributions on Schwarzschild spacetimes is studied. Assuming arbitrary initial data we perform a spectral analysis, computing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-23 Juan Barranco , Argelia Bernal , Juan Carlos Degollado , Alberto Diez-Tejedor , Miguel Megevand , Miguel Alcubierre , Dario Nunez , Olivier Sarbach

The quasinormal mode spectrum of gravitational waves emitted during the black hole ringdown relaxation phase, following the merger of a black hole binary, is a crucial target of gravitational wave astronomy. By considering causality…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-20 A. Kehagias , A. Riotto

Understanding the physical significance and spectral stability of black hole quasinormal modes is fundamental to high-precision spectroscopy with future gravitational wave detectors. Inspired by Mashhoon's idea of relating quasinormal modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-27 Sebastian H. Völkel
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