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A central problem in the theory of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to understand what structural conditions and algorithmic principles lead to sample-efficient learning guarantees, and how these considerations change as we move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dylan J. Foster , Dean P. Foster , Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin

LLM-based multi-agent systems excel at planning, tool use, and role coordination, but their openness and interaction complexity also expose them to jailbreak, prompt-injection, and adversarial collaboration. Existing defenses fall into two…

In typical multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems, communication is important for agents to share information and make the right decisions. However, due to the complexity of training multi-agent communication, existing methods…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xuyan Ma , Yawen Wang , Junjie Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Boyu Wu , Shoubin Li , Fanjiang Xu , Qing Wang

Real-world multi-agent tasks usually involve dynamic team composition with the emergence of roles, which should also be a key to efficient cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Drawing inspiration from the correlation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zican Hu , Zongzhang Zhang , Huaxiong Li , Chunlin Chen , Hongyu Ding , Zhi Wang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approaches have emerged as popular solutions to address the general challenges of cooperation in multi-agent environments, where the success of achieving shared or individual goals critically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Reza Azadeh

Safety and scalability are two critical challenges faced by practical Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, existing Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms that rely solely on reward shaping are ineffective in ensuring safety,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Haikuo Du , Fandi Gou , Yunze Cai

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), independent learning (IL) often shows remarkable performance and easily scales with the number of agents. Yet, using IL can be inefficient and runs the risk of failing to successfully train,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-06 David Mguni , Haojun Chen , Taher Jafferjee , Jianhong Wang , Long Fei , Xidong Feng , Stephen McAleer , Feifei Tong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Collaborative Machine Learning (CML) allows participants to jointly train a machine learning model while keeping their training data private. In many scenarios where CML is seen as the solution to privacy issues, such as health-related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mathilde Raynal , Carmela Troncoso

In human society, the conflict between self-interest and collective well-being often obstructs efforts to achieve shared welfare. Related concepts like the Tragedy of the Commons and Social Dilemmas frequently manifest in our daily lives.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yue Jin , Shuangqing Wei , Giovanni Montana

Constrained multiagent reinforcement learning (C-MARL) is gaining importance as MARL algorithms find new applications in real-world systems ranging from energy systems to drone swarms. Most C-MARL algorithms use a primal-dual approach to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-28 Daniel Tabas , Ahmed S. Zamzam , Baosen Zhang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved notable success in cooperative tasks, demonstrating impressive performance and scalability. However, deploying MARL agents in real-world applications presents critical safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zeyang Li , Navid Azizan

Multi-agent systems powered by Large Language Models (LLM-MAS) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in collaborative problem-solving. However, their deployment also introduces new security risks. Existing research on LLM-based agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yizhe Xie , Congcong Zhu , Xinyue Zhang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Minghao Wang , Chi Liu

Multi-agent systems, where LLM agents communicate through free-form language, enable sophisticated coordination for solving complex cooperative tasks. This surfaces a unique safety problem when a group of agents forms a coalition and…

Condition-based maintenance (CBM) strategies exploit machine learning models to assess the health status of systems based on the collected data from the physical environment, while machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Hamidreza Habibollahi Najaf Abadi

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can leverage tools such as Google Search to complete complex tasks. However, this tool usage introduces the risk of indirect prompt injections, where malicious instructions hidden in tool outputs can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zizhao Wang , Dingcheng Li , Vaishakh Keshava , Phillip Wallis , Ananth Balashankar , Peter Stone , Lukas Rutishauser

Learning to collaborate has witnessed significant progress in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). However, promoting coordination among agents and enhancing exploration capabilities remain challenges. In multi-agent environments,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xiao Du , Yutong Ye , Pengyu Zhang , Yaning Yang , Mingsong Chen , Ting Wang

Accurate detection of anatomical landmarks is an essential step in several medical imaging tasks. We propose a novel communicative multi-agent reinforcement learning (C-MARL) system to automatically detect landmarks in 3D brain images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Guy Leroy , Daniel Rueckert , Amir Alansary

Recent studies have demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial manipulation, similar to vulnerabilities previously demonstrated in the supervised learning setting. While most existing work studies…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has received increasing attention for its applications in various domains. Researchers have paid much attention on its partially observable and cooperative settings for meeting real-world…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Meng Yao , Qiyue Yin , Jun Yang , Tongtong Yu , Shengqi Shen , Junge Zhang , Bin Liang , Kaiqi Huang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is central to robotic systems cooperating in dynamic environments. While prior work has focused on these collaborative settings, adversarial interactions are equally critical for real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Isaac Peterson , Christopher Allred , Jacob Morrey , Mario Harper