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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly integrated into computer-use agents, which can autonomously operate tools on a user's computer to accomplish complex tasks. However, due to the inherently unstable and unpredictable nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haitao Hu , Peng Chen , Yanpeng Zhao , Yuqi Chen

We introduce REAL, a benchmark and framework for multi-turn agent evaluations on deterministic simulations of real-world websites. REAL comprises high-fidelity, deterministic replicas of 11 widely-used websites across domains such as…

Driven by rapid advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs), agents are empowered to combine intrinsic knowledge with dynamic tool use, greatly enhancing their capacity to address real-world tasks. In line with such an evolution,…

We present an openly documented methodology for fine-tuning language models to detect temporal attack patterns in multi-agent AI workflows using OpenTelemetry trace analysis. We curate a dataset of 80,851 examples from 18 public…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Ron F. Del Rosario

Despite the promise of autonomous agentic reasoning, existing workflow generation methods frequently produce fragile, unexecutable plans due to unconstrained LLM-driven construction. We introduce MermaidFlow, a framework that redefines the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chengqi Zheng , Jianda Chen , Yueming Lyu , Wen Zheng Terence Ng , Haopeng Zhang , Yew-Soon Ong , Ivor Tsang , Haiyan Yin

Autonomous web agents are increasingly deployed for long-horizon tasks, yet their ability to adhere to real-world policies remains critically underexplored compared to standard safety objectives. To address this gap, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xiaofei Wen , Wenjie Jacky Mo , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Muhao Chen

Tool-using language agents turn model decisions into external side effects: they read files, run scripts, call APIs, send messages, and invoke Model Context Protocol tools. This makes agent attacks different from jailbreaks. The harmful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Suliu Qin , Haomin Zhuang , Yujun Zhou , Yufei Han , Xiangliang Zhang

As the capability frontier of autonomous agents continues to expand, they are increasingly able to complete specialized tasks through plug-and-play external skills. Yet current benchmarks mostly test whether models can use provided skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ziao Zhang , Kou Shi , Shiting Huang , Avery Nie , Yu Zeng , Yiming Zhao , Zhen Fang , Qishen Su , Haibo Qiu , Wei Yang , Qingnan Ren , Shun Zou , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Feng Zhao

Autonomous agents can produce harmful behavioral patterns from individually valid requests -- a threat class per-request policy evaluation cannot address, because stateless engines evaluate each request in isolation. We present ACP, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Marcelo Fernandez

This paper establishes a rigorous measurement science for AI agent reliability, providing a foundational framework for quantifying consistency under semantically preserving perturbations. By leveraging $U$-statistics for output-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Harsh Raj , Niranjan Orkat , Suvrorup Mukherjee , Aritra Guha , Cheryl Flynn , Subhabrata Majumdar

As large language models evolve from conversational assistants to autonomous agents, ensuring trustworthiness requires a fundamental shift from post-hoc evaluation to real-time action verification. Current frameworks like AgentBench…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tavishi Sharma , Vinayak Sharma , Pragya Sharma

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly used to perform complex, multi-step workflows in regulated settings such as compliance and due diligence. However, many agentic architectures rely primarily on prompt engineering of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ananya Joshi , Michael Rudow

Data science tasks involving tabular data present complex challenges that require sophisticated problem-solving approaches. We propose AutoKaggle, a powerful and user-centric framework that assists data scientists in completing daily data…

Large language models generate plausible code but cannot verify correctness. Existing multi-agent systems simulate execution or leave verification optional. We introduce execution-grounded verification as a first-class principle: every code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rajesh Kumar , Waqar Ali , Junaid Ahmed , Najma Imtiaz Ali , Shaban Usman

Autonomous AI agents extend large language models into full runtime systems that load skills, ingest external content, maintain memory, plan multi-step actions, and invoke privileged tools. In such systems, security failures rarely remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yixiang Zhang , Xinhao Deng , Jiaqing Wu , Yue Xiao , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Browser agents enable autonomous web interaction but face critical reliability and security challenges in production. This paper presents findings from building and operating a production browser agent. The analysis examines where current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Aram Vardanyan

When an LLM agent reads a confidential file, then writes a summary, then emails it externally, no single step is unsafe, but the sequence is a data leak. We call this safety drift: individually safe actions compounding into violations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Aditya Dhodapkar , Farhaan Pishori

AI agents are autonomous systems that combine LLMs with external tools to solve complex tasks. While such tools extend capability, improper tool permissions introduce security risks such as indirect prompt injection and tool misuse. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Roy Betser , Shamik Bose , Amit Giloni , Chiara Picardi , Sindhu Padakandla , Roman Vainshtein

Agentic AI systems plan, use tools, maintain state, and produce multi-step trajectories with external effects. Those properties create a governance problem that differs materially from single-turn generative AI: important risks emerge dur-…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Christopher Koch

Agentic security systems increasingly audit live targets with tool-using LLMs, but prior systems fix a single coordination topology, leaving unclear when additional agents help and when they only add cost. We treat topology choice as an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Isaac David , Arthur Gervais