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Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems often rely on a controller to coordinate a pool of heterogeneous models, yet existing controllers are typically limited to one-shot routing: they select a model once and return its output…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenzhi Fang , Liangqi Yuan , Guangchen Lan , Dong-Jun Han , Christopher G. Brinton

Pairwise human preference prediction is central to evaluating code-generation systems, where quality often depends on task-specific trade-offs beyond functional correctness. While rubric-based LLM judges improve interpretability by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhenyu Li , Aleksandar Cvejic , Zehui Chen , Peter Wonka

Creative services teams increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs) to accelerate ideation, yet production systems often converge on homogeneous outputs that fail to meet brand or artistic expectations. Art of X developed…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Alexander Doudkin , Anton Voelker , Friedrich von Borries

Budgetary constraints force organizations to pursue only a subset of possible innovation projects. Identifying which subset is most promising is an error-prone exercise, and involving multiple decision makers may be prudent. This raises the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-21 Lucas Böttcher , Ronald Klingebiel

While personalized recommender systems excel at content discovery, they frequently expose users to undesirable or discomforting information, highlighting the critical need for user-centric filtering tools. Current methods leveraging Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chi Zhang , Zhipeng Xu , Jiahao Liu , Dongsheng Li , Hansu Gu , Peng Zhang , Ning Gu , Tun Lu

Evolutionary science provides evidence that diversity confers resilience in natural systems. Yet, traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning techniques commonly enforce homogeneity to increase training sample efficiency. When a system…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Matteo Bettini , Ajay Shankar , Amanda Prorok

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has enabled the creation of massive yet efficient Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the standard deterministic routing mechanism presents a significant limitation: its inherent brittleness is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Albus Yizhuo Li

Multi-agent systems (MAS) built on large language models promise improved problem-solving through collaboration, yet they often fail to consistently outperform strong single-agent baselines due to error propagation at inter-agent message…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Bohan Lin , Kuo Yang , Zelin Tan , Yingchuan Lai , Chen Zhang , Guibin Zhang , Xinlei Yu , Miao Yu , Xu Wang , Yudong Zhang , Yang Wang

This paper studies the correlations of the average winnings of agents and the volatilities of systems based on mix-game model which is an extension of minority game (MG). In mix-game, there are two groups of agents; group1 plays the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-12-02 Chengling Gou

The paper presents the investigation and implementation of the relationship between diversity and the performance of multiple classifiers on classification accuracy. The study is critical as to build classifiers that are strong and can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-10-22 R. Musehane , F. Netshiongolwe , F. V. Nelwamondo , L. Masisi , T. Marwala

Multi-agent LLM systems fail in production at rates between 41% and 87%, mostly due to coordination defects rather than base-model capability. Existing responses split between cataloguing failure modes empirically and shipping declarative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Maksym Nechepurenko , Pavel Shuvalov

Collective, especially group-based, managerial decision making is crucial in organizations. Using an evolutionary theoretic approach to collective decision making, agent-based simulations were conducted to investigate how human collective…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Shelley D. Dionne , Hiroki Sayama , Francis J. Yammarino

The TRUST democratic discourse analysis pipeline exposes its large language model (LLM) components to peer model identity through multiple structural channels -- a design feature whose bias implications have not previously been empirically…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Juergen Dietrich

Recent work reports strong performance from multi-agent LLM systems (MAS), but these gains are often confounded by increased test-time computation. When computation is normalized, single-agent systems (SAS) can match or outperform MAS, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dat Tran , Douwe Kiela

Collaborative work often benefits from having teams or organizations with heterogeneous members. In this paper, we present a method to form such diverse teams from people arriving sequentially over time. We define a monotone submodular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Faez Ahmed , John Dickerson , Mark Fuge

this paper addresses the issue of the relation between the system efficiency and the individual performance with different combinations of agent memory lengths in mix-game model which is an extension of minority game (MG). In mix-game,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Chengling Gou

Automated essay scoring (AES) systems increasingly rely on large language models, yet little is known about how architectural choices shape their performance across different essay quality levels. This paper evaluates single-agent and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jamiu Adekunle Idowu , Ahmed Almasoud

Coding agents represent a new paradigm in automated software engineering, combining the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with tool-augmented interaction loops. However, coding agents still have severe limitations.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Tural Mehtiyev , Wesley Assunção

Multi-agent systems, where specialized agents collaborate to solve a shared task hold great potential, from increased modularity to simulating complex environments. However, they also have a major caveat -- a single agent can cause the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ohav Barbi , Ori Yoran , Mor Geva

LLM-as-a-Judge has become the dominant paradigm for evaluating language model outputs, yet LLM judges exhibit systematic biases that compromise evaluation reliability. We present a comprehensive empirical study comparing nine debiasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sadman Kabir Soumik