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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate their reasoning ability through chain-of-thought (CoT) generation. However, LLM's autoregressive decoding may limit the ability to revisit and refine earlier tokens in a holistic manner, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Haoqiang Kang , Yizhe Zhang , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Nicklas Majamaki , Navdeep Jaitly , Yi-An Ma , Lianhui Qin

Parallel decoding methods such as Jacobi decoding show promise for more efficient LLM inference as it breaks the sequential nature of the LLM decoding process and transforms it into parallelizable computation. However, in practice, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Siqi Kou , Lanxiang Hu , Zhezhi He , Zhijie Deng , Hao Zhang

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but require inherently sequential decoding, leading to high inference latency and poor GPU utilization. Speculative decoding mitigates this bottleneck by using a fast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jian Chen , Yesheng Liang , Zhijian Liu

Conventional document layout analysis (DLA) traditionally depends on empirical priors or a fixed set of learnable queries executed in a single forward pass. While sufficient for early-generation documents with a small, predetermined number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yufan Chen , Omar Moured , Ruiping Liu , Junwei Zheng , Kunyu Peng , Jiaming Zhang , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Diffusion models have exhibited remarkable capabilities in text-to-image generation. However, their performance in image-to-text generation, specifically image captioning, has lagged behind Auto-Regressive (AR) models, casting doubt on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Yuchi Wang , Shuhuai Ren , Rundong Gao , Linli Yao , Qingyan Guo , Kaikai An , Jianhong Bai , Xu Sun

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) offer a promising alternative to autoregressive language models by enabling parallel token generation and bidirectional context modeling. However, their inference speed is significantly limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Satyam Goyal , Kushal Patel , Tanush Mittal , Arjun Laxman

Discrete diffusion language models (DLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising all positions in parallel, offering an alternative to autoregressive models. Controlled generation methods for DLMs, imported from autoregressive models, apply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hanhan Zhou , Shamik Roy , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

Diffusion large language models (DLLMs) have emerged as powerful generative models with the promise of fast text generation through parallel decoding. However, realizing this potential in practice remains challenging: reducing the number of…

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a powerful alternative to autoregressive LLMs, offering faster inference and greater interactivity via parallel decoding and bidirectional modeling. However, despite…

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) generation, yet their reliance on Transformer backbones limits inference efficiency due to quadratic attention or KV-cache overhead. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Vaibhav Singh , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Pierre-André Noël , Eugene Belilovsky , Torsten Scholak

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) offer the potential for parallel token generation, but most open-source MDLMs decode fewer than 5 tokens per model forward pass even with sophisticated sampling strategies, limiting their parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shirui Chen , Jiantao Jiao , Lillian J. Ratliff , Banghua Zhu

Current Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) typically encode frames via a vision encoder and employ an autoregressive (AR) LLM for understanding and generation. However, this AR paradigm inevitably faces a dual efficiency bottleneck:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhihao He , Tieyuan Chen , Kangyu Wang , Ziran Qin , Yang Shao , Chaofan Gan , Shijie Li , Zuxuan Wu , Weiyao Lin

Prevailing Dataset Distillation (DD) methods leveraging generative models confront two fundamental limitations. First, despite pioneering the use of diffusion models in DD and delivering impressive performance, the vast majority of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Letian Zhou , Songhua Liu , Xinchao Wang

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) enable parallel decoding by predicting all masked positions at each denoising step, yet existing training-free samplers usually decide which positions to commit at token-level granularity. We revisit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Heqiang Qi , Wei Huang , Mingyuan Bai , Xiangming Meng

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a promising paradigm for parallel text generation, but in practice they face an accuracy-parallelism trade-off, where increasing tokens per forward (TPF) often degrades generation quality.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haoyang Zhou , Li Kong , Shijie Ren , Xiting Wang , Shuang Liang , Guowei Wang , Zhenxuan Pan

Block-wise diffusion language models (DLMs) generate multiple tokens in any order, offering a promising alternative to the autoregressive decoding pipeline. However, they still remain bottlenecked by memory-bound attention in long-context…

Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) promise parallel token generation and arbitrary-order decoding, yet it remains unclear to what extent current models truly realize these capabilities. We characterize MDLM behavior along two…

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) present a compelling alternative to autoregressive models, offering flexible, any-order infilling without specialized prompting design. However, their practical utility is blocked by a critical limitation:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zirui Wu , Lin Zheng , Zhihui Xie , Jiacheng Ye , Jiahui Gao , Shansan Gong , Yansong Feng , Zhenguo Li , Wei Bi , Guorui Zhou , Lingpeng Kong

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently demonstrated capabilities that complement standard autoregressive (AR) models, particularly in non-sequential generation and bidirectional editing. Although recent work has shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fred Zhangzhi Peng , Alexis Fox , Anru R. Zhang , Alexander Tong

Auto-regressive Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on coding tasks, but incur high memory and inference costs. Diffusion-based language models (d-LLMs) offer bounded inference cost via iterative denoising, but their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Aarav Gupta , Gururaj Deshpande , Chandreyi Chakraborty