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Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li

Latent diffusion models offer an attractive alternative to discrete diffusion for non-autoregressive text generation by operating on continuous text representations and denoising entire sequences in parallel. The major challenge in latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Viacheslav Meshchaninov , Alexander Shabalin , Egor Chimbulatov , Nikita Gushchin , Ilya Koziev , Alexander Korotin , Dmitry Vetrov

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models over discrete domains. MDMs generate sequences in an any-order, parallel fashion, enabling fast inference and strong performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jaeyeon Kim , Lee Cheuk-Kit , Carles Domingo-Enrich , Yilun Du , Sham Kakade , Timothy Ngotiaoco , Sitan Chen , Michael Albergo

Discrete diffusion models offer a flexible, controllable approach to structured sequence generation, yet they still lag behind causal language models in expressive power. A key limitation lies in their reliance on the Markovian assumption,…

While recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made impressive strides, they predominantly employ a conventional autoregressive architecture as their backbone, leaving significant room to explore effective and efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Lijiang Li , Zuwei Long , Yunhang Shen , Heting Gao , Haoyu Cao , Xing Sun , Caifeng Shan , Ran He , Chaoyou Fu

Masked diffusion language models (MDMs) have recently gained traction as a viable generative framework for natural language. This can be attributed to its scalability and ease of training compared to other diffusion model paradigms for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tejomay Kishor Padole , Suyash P Awate , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

The conditional diffusion model (CDM) enhances the standard diffusion model by providing more control, improving the quality and relevance of the outputs, and making the model adaptable to a wider range of complex tasks. However, inaccurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Weifeng Xu , Xiang Zhu , Xiaoyong Li

Diffusion language models have recently emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive language models. Beyond next-token generation, they are more efficient and flexible by enabling parallel and any-order token generation. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chenxiao Yang , Cai Zhou , David Wipf , Zhiyuan Li

Masked discrete diffusion is a dominant paradigm for high-quality language modeling where tokens are iteratively corrupted to a mask state, yet its inference efficiency is bottlenecked by the lack of deterministic sampling tools. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guinan Chen , Xunpeng Huang , Ying Sun , Shijin Wang , Yanyong Zhang , Chao Wang

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have emerged as the de facto approach for high-fidelity image synthesis, operating diffusion processes on continuous VAE latent, which significantly differ from the text generation methods employed by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Xiaoping Wu , Jie Hu , Xiaoming Wei

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) generate discrete sequences by iterative denoising under an absorbing masking process. In standard masked diffusion, if a token remains masked after a reverse update, the model discards its clean-state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Michael Cardei , Huu Binh Ta , Ferdinando Fioretto

Masked diffusion language models enable parallel token generation and offer improved decoding efficiency over autoregressive models. However, their performance degrades significantly when generating multiple tokens simultaneously, due to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Houxing Ren , Mingjie Zhan , Zimu Lu , Ke Wang , Yunqiao Yang , Haotian Hou , Junting Pan , Hongsheng Li

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models in language modeling, offering the advantages of parallel decoding and bidirectional context processing within a simple yet effective framework.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jaehoon Yoo , Wonjung Kim , Chanhyuk Lee , Seunghoon Hong

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to purely autoregressive language models because they can decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, state-of-the-art block-wise dLLMs rely on a "remasking"…

Discrete diffusion models generate sequences by iteratively denoising samples corrupted by categorical noise, offering an appealing alternative to autoregressive decoding for structured and symbolic generation. However, standard training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Huu Binh Ta , Michael Cardei , Alvaro Velasquez , Ferdinando Fioretto

Current image captioning works usually focus on generating descriptions in an autoregressive manner. However, there are limited works that focus on generating descriptions non-autoregressively, which brings more decoding diversity. Inspired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yufeng He , Zefan Cai , Xu Gan , Baobao Chang

Autoregressive language models dominate modern text generation, yet their sequential nature introduces fundamental limitations: decoding is slow, and maintaining global coherence remains challenging. Diffusion models offer a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Viacheslav Meshchaninov , Egor Chimbulatov , Alexander Shabalin , Aleksandr Abramov , Dmitry Vetrov

Discrete diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for high-quality data generation. Despite their success in discrete spaces, such as text generation tasks, the acceleration of discrete diffusion models remains under-explored. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zixiang Chen , Huizhuo Yuan , Yongqian Li , Yiwen Kou , Junkai Zhang , Quanquan Gu

Masked Discrete Diffusion Models (MDMs) have achieved strong performance across a wide range of multimodal tasks, including image understanding, generation, and editing. However, their inference speed remains suboptimal due to the need to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Shufan Li , Jiuxiang Gu , Kangning Liu , Zhe Lin , Zijun Wei , Aditya Grover , Jason Kuen

Recent Speech Large Language Models~(LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in end-to-end speech interaction. However, the prevailing autoregressive paradigm imposes strict serial constraints, limiting generation efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Cheng , Yuhao Wang , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang