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Penetration testing (pentesting) involves performing a controlled attack on a computer system in order to assess it's security. Although an effective method for testing security, pentesting requires highly skilled practitioners and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Jonathon Schwartz , Hanna Kurniawati

The development of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms has been largely driven by ambitious challenge tasks and benchmarks. Games have dominated RL benchmarks because they present relevant challenges, are inexpensive to run and easy to…

Due to limited resources and public safety concerns, deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents for many cyber-physical systems (e.g., autonomous vehicles) are first trained in simulators. However, when deployed in real world environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gengyue Han , Yiheng Feng

FaaS introduces a lightweight, function-based cloud execution model that finds its relevance in a range of applications like IoT-edge data processing and anomaly detection. While cloud service providers offer a near-infinite function…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Siddharth Agarwal , Maria A. Rodriguez , Rajkumar Buyya

In our research, we introduce a new concept called "LLM Augmented Pentesting" demonstrated with a tool named "Pentest Copilot," that revolutionizes the field of ethical hacking by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into penetration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Dhruva Goyal , Sitaraman Subramanian , Aditya Peela , Nisha P. Shetty

This paper considers key challenges to using reinforcement learning (RL) with attack graphs to automate penetration testing in real-world applications from a systems perspective. RL approaches to automated penetration testing are actively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Tyler Cody

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as educational agents for automatic short answer grading (ASAG) in real-world educational environments, significantly boosting assessment efficiency and scalability. However, when these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Xueyi Li , Zhuoneng Zhou , Zitao Liu , Yongdong Wu

Penetration testing is essential for assessing and strengthening system security against real-world threats, yet traditional workflows remain highly manual, expertise-intensive, and difficult to scale. Although recent advances in Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ruozhao Yang , Mingfei Cheng , Gelei Deng , Tianwei Zhang , Junjie Wang , Xiaofei Xie

Federated learning is a machine learning technique that enables training across decentralized data. Recently, federated learning has become an active area of research due to an increased focus on privacy and security. In light of this, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Jae Hun Ro , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Ke Wu

Reinforcement learning has been demonstrated to outperform even the best humans in complex domains like video games. However, running reinforcement learning experiments on the required scale for autonomous driving is extremely difficult.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Moritz Harmel , Anubhav Paras , Andreas Pasternak , Nicholas Roy , Gary Linscott

A significant challenge for robot learning research is our ability to accurately measure and compare the performance of robot policies. Benchmarking in robotics is historically challenging due to the stochasticity, reproducibility, and…

During initial iterations of training in most Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms, agents perform a significant number of random exploratory steps. In the real world, this can limit the practicality of these algorithms as it can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ashish Kumar Jayant , Shalabh Bhatnagar

This paper aims to provide an innovative machine learning-based solution to automate security testing tasks for web applications, ensuring the correct functioning of all components while reducing project maintenance costs. Reinforcement…

Large model training beyond tens of thousands of GPUs is an uncharted territory. At such scales, disruptions to the training process are not a matter of if, but a matter of when -- a stochastic process degrading training productivity.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Alicia Golden , Michael Kuchnik , Samuel Hsia , Zachary DeVito , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

Self-supervision has the potential to transform reinforcement learning (RL), paralleling the breakthroughs it has enabled in other areas of machine learning. While self-supervised learning in other domains aims to find patterns in a fixed…

Recent advances to algorithms for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) often leverage their unique dynamics. While backpropagation through time (BPTT) with surrogate gradients dominate the field, a rich landscape of alternatives can…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Thomas M. Summe , Siddharth Joshi

Deep neural networks coupled with fast simulation and improved computation have led to recent successes in the field of reinforcement learning (RL). However, most current RL-based approaches fail to generalize since: (a) the gap between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Lerrel Pinto , James Davidson , Rahul Sukthankar , Abhinav Gupta

We analyze the efficiency of parallelization and restart mechanisms for stochastic simulations in model-free settings, where the underlying system dynamics are unknown. Such settings are common in Reinforcement Learning (RL) and rare event…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Ernesto Garcia , Paola Bermolen , Matthieu Jonckheere , Seva Shneer

Artificial intelligence methods are increasingly being explored for managing wildfires and other natural hazards. In particular, reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising path towards improving outcomes in such uncertain decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ufuk Çakır , Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Bruno Lacerda , Nick Hawes

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in autonomous navigation using reinforcement learning. However, existing approaches largely emphasize reinforcement learning framework design, such as input representations, action spaces,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhefan Xu , Hanyu Jin , Kenji Shimada