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Causal representation learning is the task of identifying the underlying causal variables and their relations from high-dimensional observations, such as images. Recent work has shown that one can reconstruct the causal variables from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Phillip Lippe , Sara Magliacane , Sindy Löwe , Yuki M. Asano , Taco Cohen , Efstratios Gavves

Many challenging image processing tasks can be described by an ill-posed linear inverse problem: deblurring, deconvolution, inpainting, compressed sensing, and superresolution all lie in this framework. Traditional inverse problem solvers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Davis Gilton , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

Time series forecasting is an important problem across many domains, including predictions of solar plant energy output, electricity consumption, and traffic jam situation. In this paper, we propose to tackle such forecasting problem with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Shiyang Li , Xiaoyong Jin , Yao Xuan , Xiyou Zhou , Wenhu Chen , Yu-Xiang Wang , Xifeng Yan

The successful training of deep neural networks requires addressing challenges such as overfitting, numerical instabilities leading to divergence, and increasing variance in the residual stream. A common solution is to apply regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jörg K. H. Franke , Urs Spiegelhalter , Marianna Nezhurina , Jenia Jitsev , Frank Hutter , Michael Hefenbrock

In this paper, we consider an inverse space-dependent source problem for a time-fractional diffusion equation. To deal with the ill-posedness of the problem, we transform the problem into an optimal control problem with total variational…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Bin Fan

Estimating counterfactual outcomes over time from observational data is relevant for many applications (e.g., personalized medicine). Yet, state-of-the-art methods build upon simple long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, thus rendering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Valentyn Melnychuk , Dennis Frauen , Stefan Feuerriegel

This paper focuses on causal representation learning (CRL) under a general nonparametric latent causal model and a general transformation model that maps the latent data to the observational data. It establishes identifiability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Burak Varıcı , Emre Acartürk , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Ali Tajer

Deep learning models fail on cross-domain challenges if the model is oversensitive to domain-specific attributes, e.g., lightning, background, camera angle, etc. To alleviate this problem, data augmentation coupled with consistency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Mengmeng Jing , Xiantong Zhen , Jingjing Li , Cees Snoek

Domain Randomization (DR) is commonly used for sim2real transfer of reinforcement learning (RL) policies in robotics. Most DR approaches require a simulator with a fixed set of tunable parameters from the start of the training, from which…

This paper investigates the use of regularization priors in the context of treatment effect estimation using observational data where the number of control variables is large relative to the number of observations. First, the phenomenon of…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-30 P. Richard Hahn , Carlos M. Carvalho , Jingyu He , David Puelz

Causal inference and model interpretability research are gaining increasing attention, especially in the domains of healthcare and bioinformatics. Despite recent successes in this field, decorrelating features under nonlinear environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Junda Wang , Weijian Li , Han Wang , Hanjia Lyu , Caroline Thirukumaran , Addisu Mesfin , Jiebo Luo

We study a class of reinforcement learning (RL) tasks where the objective of the agent is to accomplish temporally extended goals. In this setting, a common approach is to represent the tasks as deterministic finite automata (DFA) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Yash Paliwal , Rajarshi Roy , Jean-Raphaël Gaglione , Nasim Baharisangari , Daniel Neider , Xiaoming Duan , Ufuk Topcu , Zhe Xu

We propose methods to strengthen the invariance properties of representations obtained by contrastive learning. While existing approaches implicitly induce a degree of invariance as representations are learned, we look to more directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Adam Foster , Rattana Pukdee , Tom Rainforth

Regularization is commonly used for alleviating overfitting in machine learning. For convolutional neural networks (CNNs), regularization methods, such as DropBlock and Shake-Shake, have illustrated the improvement in the generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Yi Wang , Zhen-Peng Bian , Junhui Hou , Lap-Pui Chau

Autonomous operations of robots in unknown environments are challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the dynamics of the interactions, such as the objects' movability. This work introduces a novel Causal Reinforcement Learning approach…

Surface normal estimation serves as a cornerstone for a spectrum of computer vision applications. While numerous efforts have been devoted to static image scenarios, ensuring temporal coherence in video-based normal estimation remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yanrui Bin , Wenbo Hu , Haoyuan Wang , Xinya Chen , Bing Wang

Causality serves as an abstract notion of time for concurrent systems. A computation is causal, or simply valid, if each observation of a computation event is preceded by the observation of its causes. The present work establishes that this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Clément Aubert , Jean Krivine

In this paper, we present the Difference- Based Causality Learner (DBCL), an algorithm for learning a class of discrete-time dynamic models that represents all causation across time by means of difference equations driving change in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Mark Voortman , Denver Dash , Marek J. Druzdzel

Transformers have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, yet their performance on compositional problems remains a subject of debate. In this study, we investigate the internal mechanisms underlying Transformers'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Zhongwang Zhang , Pengxiao Lin , Zhiwei Wang , Yaoyu Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

We explore the use of transformers for solving quadratic programs and how this capability benefits decision-making problems that involve covariance matrices. We first show that the linear attention mechanism can provably solve unconstrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Kutay Tire , Yufan Zhang , Ege Onur Taga , Samet Oymak