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The alignment of large language models with human values presents a critical challenge, particularly when balancing conflicting objectives like helpfulness and harmlessness. Existing approaches, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuxuan Liu

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for agent tasks is critical in developing language agents. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a promising technique for this adaptation with the alleviation of compounding errors, offering a means…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Wentao Shi , Mengqi Yuan , Junkang Wu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved, approaching Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) while benefiting from large-scale reinforcement learning to enhance Human Alignment (HA) and Reasoning. Recent reward-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xuerui Su , Shufang Xie , Guoqing Liu , Yingce Xia , Renqian Luo , Peiran Jin , Zhiming Ma , Yue Wang , Zun Wang , Yuting Liu

Preference based alignment objectives implicitly assume that all human preferences are expressed with equal strength. In practice, however, preference strength varies across individuals and contexts -- a phenomenon established in behavioral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Saki Imai , Pedram Heydari , Anthony Sicilia , Asteria Kaeberlein , Katherine Atwell , Malihe Alikhani

Preference optimization is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with preference feedback. However, most existing methods train on a single positive-negative pair per prompt, discarding additional supervision available in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jixuan Leng , Si Si , Hsiang-Fu Yu , Vinod Raman , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Aligning language models (LMs) with curated human feedback is critical to control their behaviors in real-world applications. Several recent policy optimization methods, such as DPO and SLiC, serve as promising alternatives to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tianqi Liu , Zhen Qin , Junru Wu , Jiaming Shen , Misha Khalman , Rishabh Joshi , Yao Zhao , Mohammad Saleh , Simon Baumgartner , Jialu Liu , Peter J. Liu , Xuanhui Wang

Iterative data generation and model retraining are widely used to align large language models (LLMs). It typically involves a policy model to generate on-policy responses and a reward model to guide training data selection. Direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yao Xiao , Hai Ye , Linyao Chen , Hwee Tou Ng , Lidong Bing , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been proposed as a promising alternative to Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) based Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF). However, empirical evaluations consistently reveal suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Qinwei Ma , Jingzhe Shi , Can Jin , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Serge Belongie , Lei Li

RLHF techniques like DPO can significantly improve the generation quality of text-to-image diffusion models. However, these methods optimize for a single reward that aligns model generation with population-level preferences, neglecting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Meihua Dang , Anikait Singh , Linqi Zhou , Stefano Ermon , Jiaming Song

Direct preference optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, the widespread reliance on the response-level Bradley-Terry (BT) model may limit its full…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Masanari Oi , Mahiro Ukai , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki , Nakamasa Inoue

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a popular approach for aligning language models using pairwise preferences. However, in practical post-training pipelines, on-policy generation typically yields multiple candidate responses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Taneesh Gupta , Rahul Madhavan , Xuchao Zhang , Nagarajan Natarajan , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan

Fine-grained control over large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge, hindering their adaptability to diverse user needs. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) shows promise in aligning LLMs, its reliance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Haoxiang Wang , Yong Lin , Wei Xiong , Rui Yang , Shizhe Diao , Shuang Qiu , Han Zhao , Tong Zhang

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences is a crucial step in building helpful and safe AI tools, which usually involve training on supervised datasets. Popular algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Honggen Zhang , Xufeng Zhao , Igor Molybog , June Zhang

Preference modeling techniques, such as direct preference optimization (DPO), has shown effective in enhancing the generalization abilities of large language model (LLM). However, in tasks involving video instruction-following, providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Ruohong Zhang , Liangke Gui , Zhiqing Sun , Yihao Feng , Keyang Xu , Yuanhan Zhang , Di Fu , Chunyuan Li , Alexander Hauptmann , Yonatan Bisk , Yiming Yang

Preference optimization has become a central paradigm for aligning large language models with human feedback. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) simplifies reinforcement learning from human feedback by directly optimizing pairwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Inoussa Mouiche

Recent advancements in text-to-speech (TTS) have shown that language model (LM)-based systems offer competitive performance to their counterparts. Further optimization can be achieved through preference alignment algorithms, which adjust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jinchuan Tian , Chunlei Zhang , Jiatong Shi , Hao Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Shinji Watanabe , Dong Yu

Aligning intelligent agents with human preferences and values is important. This paper examines two popular alignment methods: Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and Reward-Model-Based Policy Optimization (RMB-PO). A variant of RMB-PO,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Ziniu Li , Tian Xu , Yang Yu

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) helps reduce hallucinations in Video Multimodal Large Language Models (VLLMs), but its reliance on offline preference data limits adaptability and fails to capture true video-response misalignment. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Xinpeng Ding , Kui Zhang , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Xiaomeng Li

Aligning text-to-video diffusion models with human preferences is crucial for generating high-quality videos. Existing Direct Preference Otimization (DPO) methods rely on multi-sample ranking and task-specific critic models, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zitong Huang , Kaidong Zhang , Yukang Ding , Chao Gao , Rui Ding , Ying Chen , Wangmeng Zuo

Radiography Report Generation (RRG) has gained significant attention in medical image analysis as a promising tool for alleviating the growing workload of radiologists. However, despite numerous advancements, existing methods have yet to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Valentin Samokhin , Boris Shirokikh , Mikhail Goncharov , Dmitriy Umerenkov , Maksim Bobrin , Ivan Oseledets , Dmitry Dylov , Mikhail Belyaev
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