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Large language models (LLMs) trained primarily on English corpora often struggle to capture the linguistic and cultural nuances of Arabic. To address this gap, the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) introduced the $ALLaM$ family of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Omer Nacar

Natural language processing (NLP), particularly sentiment analysis, plays a vital role in areas like marketing, customer service, and social media monitoring by providing insights into user opinions and emotions. However, progress in Arabic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dania Refai , Alaa Dalaq , Doaa Dalaq , Irfan Ahmad

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have opened the door to in-depth investigation of their potential in tabular data modeling. However, effectively utilizing advanced LLMs in few-shot and even zero-shot scenarios is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Peng Wang , Dongsheng Wang , He Zhao , Hangting Ye , Dandan Guo , Yi Chang

We present AraLingBench: a fully human annotated benchmark for evaluating the Arabic linguistic competence of large language models (LLMs). The benchmark spans five core categories: grammar, morphology, spelling, reading comprehension, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mohammad Zbeeb , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Sina Mukalled , Nadine Rizk , Fatima Karnib , Issam Lakkis , Ammar Mohanna , Bernard Ghanem

With the advent of globalization, there is an increasing demand for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR), handling language and dialectal variation of spoken content. Recent studies show its efficacy over monolingual systems. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Amir Hussein , Ahmed Abdelali , Ahmed Ali

Prompting strategies affect LLM reasoning performance, but their role in chart-based QA remains underexplored. We present a systematic evaluation of four widely used prompting paradigms (Zero-Shot, Few-Shot, Zero-Shot Chain-of-Thought, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruthuparna Naikar , Ying Zhu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly influenced the landscape of language and speech research. Despite this progress, these models lack specific benchmarking against state-of-the-art (SOTA) models tailored…

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) faces significant challenges in cross-prompt settings, where models must generalize to unseen writing prompts. To address this limitation, we propose MAPLE, a meta-learning framework that leverages prototypical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Salam Albatarni , May Bashendy , Sohaila Eltanbouly , Tamer Elsayed

Detecting social bias in text is challenging due to nuance, subjectivity, and difficulty in obtaining good quality labeled datasets at scale, especially given the evolving nature of social biases and society. To address these challenges, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Shrimai Prabhumoye , Rafal Kocielnik , Mohammad Shoeybi , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

Recent technological advances in smartphones and communications, including the growth of such online platforms as massive social media networks such as X (formerly known as Twitter) endangers young people and their emotional well-being by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ebtesam Jaber Aljohani , Wael M. S. Yafoo

Automated Essay Score (AES) is proven to be one of the cutting-edge technologies. Scoring techniques are used for various purposes. Reliable scores are calculated based on influential variables. Such variables can be computed by different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Bagiya Lakshmi S , Sanjjushri Varshini R , Rohith Mahadevan , Raja CSP Raman

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

This paper investigates how prompt engineering techniques impact both accuracy and confidence elicitation in Large Language Models (LLMs) applied to medical contexts. Using a stratified dataset of Persian board exam questions across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Nariman Naderi , Zahra Atf , Peter R Lewis , Aref Mahjoub far , Seyed Amir Ahmad Safavi-Naini , Ali Soroush

This paper presents the annotation guidelines of the Balanced Arabic Readability Evaluation Corpus (BAREC), a large-scale resource for fine-grained sentence-level readability assessment in Arabic. BAREC includes 69,441 sentences (1M+ words)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Nizar Habash , Hanada Taha-Thomure , Khalid N. Elmadani , Zeina Zeino , Abdallah Abushmaes

This paper is devoted to the development of a localized Large Language Model (LLM) specifically for Arabic, a language imbued with unique cultural characteristics inadequately addressed by current mainstream models. Significant concerns…

Despite the growing importance of Arabic as a global language, there is a notable lack of language models pre-trained exclusively on Arabic data. This shortage has led to limited benchmarks available for assessing language model performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shahad Al-Khalifa , Hend Al-Khalifa

While significant progress has been made in benchmarking Large Language Models (LLMs) across various tasks, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation of their abilities in responding to multi-turn instructions in less-commonly tested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sabri Boughorbel , Majd Hawasly

Arabic spans over 30 spoken varieties, yet no open-source text-to-speech system unifies them. Key barriers include substantial cross-dialect lexical and phonological divergence, scarce synthesis-grade data, and the absence of a standardized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yushen Chen , Junzhe Liu , Yujie Tu , Zhikang Niu , Yuzhe Liang , Chunyu Qiang , Chen Zhang , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

Word sense plausibility rating requires predicting the human-perceived plausibility of a given word sense on a 1-5 scale in the context of short narrative stories containing ambiguous homonyms. This paper systematically compares three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tong Wu , Thanet Markchom , Huizhi Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in real-world applications. The capability of in-context learning (ICL) allows us to adapt an LLM to downstream tasks by including input-label exemplars in the prompt without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhaoxuan Wu , Xiaoqiang Lin , Zhongxiang Dai , Wenyang Hu , Yao Shu , See-Kiong Ng , Patrick Jaillet , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low