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Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are a main impendence in cyber security of computer networks. In 2015, a successful breach remains undetected 146 days on average, reported by [Fi16].With our work we demonstrate a feasible and fast way to…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Timo Schindler

In this paper, we present HOLMES, a system that implements a new approach to the detection of Advanced and Persistent Threats (APTs). HOLMES is inspired by several case studies of real-world APTs that highlight some common goals of APT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Sadegh M. Milajerdi , Rigel Gjomemo , Birhanu Eshete , R. Sekar , V. N. Venkatakrishnan

An Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a multistage, highly sophisticated, and covert form of cyber threat that gains unauthorized access to networks to either steal valuable data or disrupt the targeted network. These threats often remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Bassam Noori Shaker , Bahaa Al-Musawi , Mohammed Falih Hassan

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is a kind of stealthy, sophisticated, and long-term cyberattack that has brought severe financial losses and critical infrastructure damages. Existing works mainly focus on APT defense under stable network…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Zixuan Wang , Jiliang Li , Yuntao Wang , Zhou Su , Shui Yu , Weizhi Meng

Intrusion detection is an arms race; attackers evade intrusion detection systems by developing new attack vectors to sidestep known defense mechanisms. Provenance provides a detailed, structured history of the interactions of digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Xueyuan Han , Thomas Pasquier , Margo Seltzer

In Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks, achieving stealthy persistence within target systems is often crucial for an attacker's success. This persistence allows adversaries to maintain prolonged access, often evading detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qi Liu , Muhammad Shoaib , Mati Ur Rehman , Kaibin Bao , Veit Hagenmeyer , Wajih Ul Hassan

Provenance analysis (PA) has recently emerged as an important solution for cyber attack investigation. PA leverages system monitoring to monitor system activities as a series of system audit events and organizes these events as a provenance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fei Shao , Jia Zou , Zhichao Cao , Xusheng Xiao

The techniques used in modern attacks have become an important factor for investigation. As we advance further into the digital age, cyber attackers are employing increasingly sophisticated and highly threatening methods. These attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Alexander Shim

High-level natural language knowledge in CTI reports, such as the ATT&CK framework, is beneficial to counter APT attacks. However, how to automatically apply the high-level knowledge in CTI reports in realistic attack detection systems,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuhan Meng , Shaofei Li , Jiaping Gui , Peng Jiang , Ding Li

Due to its crucial role in identity and access management in modern enterprise networks, Active Directory (AD) is a top target of Advanced Persistence Threat (APT) actors. Conventional intrusion detection systems (IDS) excel at identifying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qi Liu , Kaibin Bao , Wajih Ul Hassan , Veit Hagenmeyer

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a transformative paradigm that integrates smart sensors, advanced analytics, and robust connectivity within industrial processes, enabling real-time data-driven decision-making and enhancing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Erfan Ghiasvand , Suprio Ray , Shahrear Iqbal , Sajjad Dadkhah , Ali A. Ghorbani

This paper presents PULSAR, a framework for pre-empting Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). PULSAR employs a probabilistic graphical model (specifically a Factor Graph) to infer the time evolution of an attack based on observed security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Phuong Cao

Host-based threats such as Program Attack, Malware Implantation, and Advanced Persistent Threats (APT), are commonly adopted by modern attackers. Recent studies propose leveraging the rich contextual information in data provenance to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Su Wang , Zhiliang Wang , Tao Zhou , Xia Yin , Dongqi Han , Han Zhang , Hongbin Sun , Xingang Shi , Jiahai Yang

One of the most common and important destructive attacks on the victim system is Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)-attack. The APT attacker can achieve his hostile goals by obtaining information and gaining financial benefits regarding the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Javad Hassannataj Joloudari , Mojtaba Haderbadi , Amir Mashmool , Mohammad GhasemiGol , Shahab S. , Amir Mosavi

The critical assessment presented within this paper explores existing research pertaining to the Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) branch of cyber security, applying the knowledge extracted from this research to discuss, evaluate and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Mohammad Bilal Khan

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has brought significant advancements in network management and programmability. However, this evolution has also heightened vulnerability to Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), sophisticated and stealthy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hedyeh Nazari , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Gautam Srivastava

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a significant challenge in cybersecurity due to their sophisticated and stealthy nature. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) often fall short in detecting these multi-stage attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Atmane Ayoub Mansour Bahar , Kamel Soaid Ferrahi , Mohamed-Lamine Messai , Hamida Seba , Karima Amrouche

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a sophisticated and persistent cy-bersecurity challenge, characterized by stealthy, multi-phase, and targeted attacks aimed at compromising information systems over an extended period.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bassam Noori Shaker , Bahaa Al-Musawi , Mohammed Falih Hassan

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy customized attacks by intelligent adversaries. This paper deals with the detection of APTs that infiltrate cyber systems and compromise specifically targeted data and/or infrastructures.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Shana Moothedath , Dinuka Sahabandu , Joey Allen , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

The new cyber attack pattern of advanced persistent threat (APT) has posed a serious threat to modern society. This paper addresses the APT defense problem, i.e., the problem of how to effectively defend against an APT campaign. Based on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Pengdeng Li , Lu-Xing Yang , Xiaofan Yang , Qingyu Xiong , Junhao Wen , Yuan Yan Tang