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Given graphs $G$, $H_1$, and $H_2$, let $G\xrightarrow{\text{mr}}(H_1,H_2)$ denote the property that in every edge colouring of $G$ there is a monochromatic copy of $H_1$ or a rainbow copy of $H_2$. The constrained Ramsey number, defined as…

Given simple graphs $H_{1},H_{2},\ldots,H_{c}$, the Ramsey number $r(H_{1},H_{2},\ldots,H_{c})$ is the smallest positive integer $n$ such that every edge-colored $K_{n}$ with $c$ colors contains a subgraph in color $i$ isomorphic to $H_{i}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-22 Chuandong Xu , Hongna Yang , Shenggui Zhang

We prove that, for every graph $F$ with at least one edge, there is a constant $c_F$ such that there are graphs of arbitrarily large chromatic number and the same clique number as $F$ in which every $F$-free induced subgraph has chromatic…

In this paper, for sufficiently large $n$ we determine the Ramsey number $R(G,nH)$ where $G$ is a $k$-uniform hypergraph with the maximum independent set that intersects each of the edges in $k-1$ vertices and $H$ is a $k$-uniform…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-05 Gholam Reza Omidi , Ghaffar raeisi

For a partially ordered set $(A, \le)$, let $G_A$ be the simple, undirected graph with vertex set $A$ such that two vertices $a \neq b\in A$ are adjacent if either $a \le b$ or $b \le a$. We call $G_A$ the \emph{partial order graph} or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-22 Ayman Badawi , Roswitha Rissner

The Ramsey number r(H) of a graph H is the smallest number n such that, in any two-colouring of the edges of K_n, there is a monochromatic copy of H. We study the Ramsey number of graphs H with t vertices and density \r, proving that r(H)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-26 David Conlon

For two graphs $G$ and $H$, let $r(G,H)$ and $r_*(G,H)$ denote the Ramsey number and star-critical Ramsey number of $G$ versus $H$, respectively. In 1996, Li and Rousseau proved that $r(K_{m},F_{t,n})=tn(m-1)+1$ for $m\geq 3$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-12 Maoqun Wang , Jianguo Qian

The generalized Ramsey number $f(n, p, q)$ is the smallest number of colors needed to color the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ so that every $p$-clique spans at least $q$ colors. Erd\H{o}s and Gy\'arf\'as showed that $f(n, p, q)$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Patrick Bennett , Ryan Cushman , Andrzej Dudek

Consider the following game between two players, Builder and Painter. Builder draws edges one at a time and Painter colours them, in either red or blue, as each appears. Builder's aim is to force Painter to draw a monochromatic copy of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-11 David Conlon

Let $G$ be a graph and $\Gamma$ a finite abelian group. The zero-sum Ramsey number of $G$ over $\Gamma$, denoted by $R(G, \Gamma)$, is the smallest positive integer $t$ (if it exists) such that any edge-colouring $c:E(K_t)\to\Gamma$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Jasmin Katz , Xiaopan Lian , Alexandru Malekshahian , Andrey Shapiro

A graph G is r-Ramsey for a graph H, denoted by G\rightarrow (H)_r, if every r-colouring of the edges of G contains a monochromatic copy of H. The graph G is called r-Ramsey-minimal for H if it is r-Ramsey for H but no proper subgraph of G…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-11 Jacob Fox , Andrey Grinshpun , Anita Liebenau , Yury Person , Tibor Szabo

For given graphs $G_{1}, G_{2}, ... , G_{k}, k \geq 2$, the multicolor Ramsey number $R(G_{1}, G_{2}, ... , G_{k})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with $k$ colors,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-24 Farideh Khoeini , Tomasz Dzido

For a graph $G$, the $k$-colour Ramsey number $R_k(G)$ is the least integer $N$ such that every $k$-colouring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G$. Let $C_n$ denote the cycle on $n$ vertices. We show…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-22 Matthew Jenssen , Jozef Skokan

Erd\H{o}s and Rado [P. Erd\H{o}s, R. Rado, A combinatorial theorem, Journal of the London Mathematical Society 25 (4) (1950) 249-255] introduced the Canonical Ramsey numbers $\text{er}(t)$ as the minimum number $n$ such that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-19 Igor Araujo , Dadong Peng

A $(p,q)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring of $G$ which assigns at least $q$ colors to each $p$-clique. The problem of determining the minimum number of colors, $f(n,p,q)$, needed to give a $(p,q)$-coloring of the complete graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Alex Cameron , Emily Heath

The classical hypergraph Ramsey number $r_k(s,n)$ is the minimum $N$ such that for every red-blue coloring of the $k$-tuples of $\{1,\ldots, N\}$, there are $s$ integers such that every $k$-tuple among them is red, or $n$ integers such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-08 Dhruv Mubayi , Andrew Suk

Given a graph $G$, its Ramsey number $r(G)$ is the minimum $N$ so that every two-coloring of $E(K_N)$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G$. It was conjectured by Conlon, Fox, and Sudakov that if one deletes a single vertex from $G$, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Yuval Wigderson

Given two finite posets $\mathcal P$ and $\mathcal Q$, their Ramsey number, denoted by $R(\mathcal P,\mathcal Q)$, is defined to be the smallest integer $N$ such that any blue/red colouring of the vertices of the hypercube $Q_N$ has either…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Maria-Romina Ivan , Bernardus A. Wessels

Given graphs $G$ and $H$, we say $G \stackrel{r}{\to} H$ if every $r$-colouring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. Let $H[t]$ denote the $t$-blowup of $H$. The blowup Ramsey number $B(G \stackrel{r}{\to} H;t)$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-29 António Girão , Robert Hancock

Given a $k$-uniform hypergraph $G$ and a set of $k$-uniform hypergraphs $\mathcal{H}$, the generalized Ramsey number $f(G,\mathcal{H},q)$ is the minimum number of colors needed to edge-color $G$ so that every copy of every hypergraph $H\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-06 Deepak Bal , Patrick Bennett , Emily Heath , Shira Zerbib