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The density classification task is a famous problem in the theory of cellular automata. It is unsolvable for deterministic automata, but recently solutions for stochastic cellular automata have been found. One of them is a set of stochastic…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2019-07-22 Markus Redeker

It has been shown that uniform as well as non-uniform cellular automata (CA) can be evolved to perform certain computational tasks. Random Boolean networks are a generalization of two-state cellular automata, where the interconnection…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Bertrand Mesot , Christof Teuscher

The density classification problem is the computational problem of finding the majority in a given array of votes in a distributed fashion. It is known that no cellular automaton rule with binary alphabet can solve the density…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2016-04-18 Nazim Fatès , Irène Marcovici , Siamak Taati

The density classification (DC) task, a computation which maps global density information to local density, is studied using one-dimensional non-unitary quantum cellular automata (QCAs). Two approaches are considered: one that preserves the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Elisabeth Wagner , Federico Dell'Anna , Ramil Nigmatullin , Gavin K. Brennen

The density classification problem is one of the simplest yet non-trivial computing tasks which seem to be ideally suitable for cellular automata (CA). Unfortunately, there exists no one-dimensional two-state CA which classifies binary…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2016-02-18 Henryk Fukś

The density classification task is to determine which of the symbols appearing in an array has the majority. A cellular automaton solving this task is required to converge to a uniform configuration with the majority symbol at each site. It…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-30 Siamak Taati

The Majority (or Density Classification) Problem in Cellular Automata (CA) aims to converge a string of cells to a final homogeneous state which reflects the majority of states present in the initial configuration. The problem is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Jeff Jones

Probing the ability of automata networks to solve decision problems has received a continuous attention in the literature, and specially with the automata reaching the answer by distributed consensus, i.e., their all taking on a same state,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Eurico Ruivo , Pedro Paulo Balbi , Kévin Perrot , Marco Montalva-Medel , Eric Goles

Given a (finite) string of zeros and ones, we report a way to determine if the number of ones is less than, greater than, or equal to a prescribed number by applying two sets of cellular automaton rules in succession. Thus, we solve the…

adap-org · Physics 2009-10-30 H. F. Chau , K. K. Yan , K. Y. Wan , L. W. Siu

The model of cellular automata is fascinating because very simple local rules can generate complex global behaviors. The relationship between local and global function is subject of many studies. We tackle this question by using results on…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Christoph Durr , Ivan Rapaport , Guillaume Theyssier

The initial majority identification task is a fundamental test problem in cellular automaton research. To pass the test, an automaton must evolve to a uniform configuration consisting of the state that was in the majority for any initial…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2022-07-11 David Peak , Charles G. Torre , Jenny R. Whiteley

Cellular automata (CA) are dynamical systems defined by a finite local rule but they are studied for their global dynamics. They can exhibit a wide range of complex behaviours and a celebrated result is the existence of (intrinsically)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-02-10 Laurent Boyer , Guillaume Theyssier

Suppose each site on a one-dimensional chain with periodic boundary condition may take on any one of the states $0,1,..., n-1$, can you find out the most frequently occurring state using cellular automaton? Here, we prove that while the…

adap-org · Physics 2015-06-24 H. F. Chau , L. W. Siu , K. K. Yan

This work introduces a new problem, named as, affinity classification problem which is a generalization of the density classification problem. To solve this problem, we introduce temporally stochastic cellular automata where two rules are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Kamalika Bhattacharjee , Subrata Paul , Sukanta Das

Recently, Land and Belew [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 5148 (1995)] have shown that no one-dimensional two-state cellular automaton which classifies binary strings according to their densities of 1's and 0's can be constructed. We show that a pair…

comp-gas · Physics 2009-10-30 Henryk Fuks

Various problems in Engineering and Statistics require the computation of the likelihood ratio function of two probability densities. In classical approaches the two densities are assumed known or to belong to some known parametric family.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-06 George V. Moustakides , Kalliopi Basioti

Quantum cellular automata are alternative quantum-computing paradigms to quantum Turing machines and quantum circuits. Their working mechanisms are inherently automated, therefore measurement free, and they act in a translation invariant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Thiago L. M. Guedes , Don Winter , Markus Müller

We study in detail the fitness landscape of a difficult cellular automata computational task: the majority problem. Our results show why this problem landscape is so hard to search, and we quantify the large degree of neutrality found in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Sébastien Verel , Philippe Collard , Marco Tomassini , Leonardo Vanneschi

The determinisation problem for min-plus (tropical) weighted automata was recently shown to be decidable. However, the proof is purely existential, relying on several non-constructive arguments. Our contribution in this work is twofold:…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shaull Almagor , Guy Arbel , Sarai Sheinvald

Consider an infinite graph with nodes initially labeled by independent Bernoulli random variables of parameter p. We address the density classification problem, that is, we want to design a (probabilistic or deterministic) cellular…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-22 Ana Busic , Nazim Fates , Jean Mairesse , Irene Marcovici
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