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Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning framework that leverages commonalities between distributed client datasets to train a global model. Under heterogeneous clients, however, FL can fail to produce stable training results.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Connor J. Mclaughlin , Lili Su

Federated learning (FL) aims to collaboratively train a shared model across multiple clients without transmitting their local data. Data heterogeneity is a critical challenge in realistic FL settings, as it causes significant performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yuwei Wang , Runhan Li , Hao Tan , Xuefeng Jiang , Sheng Sun , Min Liu , Bo Gao , Zhiyuan Wu

Federated learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving collaborative model training without direct data sharing. Model-heterogeneous FL (MHFL) extends this paradigm by allowing clients to train personalized models with heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziqiao Weng , Weidong Cai , Bo Zhou

Achieving fairness across diverse clients in Federated Learning (FL) remains a significant challenge due to the heterogeneity of the data and the inaccessibility of sensitive attributes from clients' private datasets. This study addresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Disha Makhija , Xing Han , Joydeep Ghosh , Yejin Kim

Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving paradigm for machine learning, but its application in intrusion detection systems (IDS) within IoT networks is challenged by severe class imbalance, non-IID data, and high communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Gurpreet Singh , Keshav Sood , P. Rajalakshmi , Yong Xiang

Federated learning increasingly operates in a large-model regime where communication, memory, and computation are all scarce. Typically, non-IID client data induce drift that degrades the stability and performance of local training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shuchen Zhu , Zhengyang Huang , Yuqi Xu , Peijin Li

Federated learning (FL) is increasingly adopted in domains like healthcare, where data privacy is paramount. A fundamental challenge in these systems is statistical heterogeneity-the fact that data distributions vary significantly across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zijian Wang , Xiaofei Zhang , Xin Zhang , Yukun Liu , Qiong Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm that permits a large number of clients with heterogeneous data to coordinate learning of a unified global model without the need to share data amongst each other. A major challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Irene Tenison , Sai Aravind Sreeramadas , Vaikkunth Mugunthan , Edouard Oyallon , Irina Rish , Eugene Belilovsky

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple nodes to collaboratively train a model without sharing raw data. However, FL systems are usually deployed in heterogeneous scenarios, where nodes differ in both data distributions and participation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hongliang Zhang , Jiguo Yu , Guijuan Wang , Wenshuo Ma , Tianqing He , Baobao Chai , Chunqiang Hu

In practical federated learning (FL), the large communication overhead between clients and the server is often a significant bottleneck. Gradient compression methods can effectively reduce this overhead, while error feedback (EF) restores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Diying Yang , Yingwei Hou , Weigang Wu

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training among geographically distributed and heterogeneous devices without gathering their data. Extending FL beyond the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Jin Wang , Jia Hu , Jed Mills , Geyong Min , Ming Xia

Attributes skew hinders the current federated learning (FL) frameworks from consistent optimization directions among the clients, which inevitably leads to performance reduction and unstable convergence. The core problems lie in that: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Zhengquan Luo , Yunlong Wang , Zilei Wang , Zhenan Sun , Tieniu Tan

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized devices while preserving data privacy. However, traditional FL suffers from communication overhead, system heterogeneity, and straggler effects. Asynchronous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ali Forootani , Raffaele Iervolino

Federated Learning aims at training a global model from multiple decentralized devices (i.e. clients) without exchanging their private local data. A key challenge is the handling of non-i.i.d. (independent identically distributed) data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Xin Dong , Sai Qian Zhang , Ang Li , H. T. Kung

Federated learning (FL) provides a distributed learning framework for multiple participants to collaborate learning without sharing raw data. In many practical FL scenarios, participants have heterogeneous resources due to disparities in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Junyuan Hong , Haotao Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiayu Zhou

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging technique that trains massive and geographically distributed edge data while maintaining privacy. However, FL has inherent challenges in terms of fairness and computational efficiency due to the rising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Yingchun Wang , Jingcai Guo , Jie Zhang , Song Guo , Weizhan Zhang , Qinghua Zheng

Multimodal recommendation systems integrate diverse multimodal information into the feature representations of both items and users, thereby enabling a more comprehensive modeling of user preferences. However, existing methods are hindered…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Qiya Song , Jiajun Hu , Lin Xiao , Bin Sun , Xieping Gao , Shutao Li

The Federated Learning (FL) paradigm is known to face challenges under heterogeneous client data. Local training on non-iid distributed data results in deflected local optimum, which causes the client models drift further away from each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Renjie Pi , Weizhong Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Jiahui Gao , Xiaoyu Wang , Sunghun Kim , Qifeng Chen

Federated learning (FL), a popular decentralized and privacy-preserving machine learning (FL) framework, has received extensive research attention in recent years. The majority of existing works focus on supervised learning (SL) problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Jieming Bian , Zhu Fu , Jie Xu

Federated learning (FL) underpins advancements in privacy-preserving distributed computing by collaboratively training neural networks without exposing clients' raw data. Current FL paradigms primarily focus on uni-modal data, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Yunfeng Fan , Wenchao Xu , Haozhao Wang , Jiaqi Zhu , Song Guo