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Despite the broad applicability of large language models (LLMs), their reliance on probabilistic inference makes them vulnerable to errors such as hallucination in generated facts and inconsistent output structure in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Xin Lian , Kenneth D. Forbus

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated promising progress in solving logical reasoning tasks effectively. Several recent approaches have proposed to change the role of the LLM from the reasoner into a translator…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Long Hei Matthew Lam , Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Ehsan Shareghi

The reasoning abilities are one of the most enigmatic and captivating aspects of large language models (LLMs). Numerous studies are dedicated to exploring and expanding the boundaries of this reasoning capability. However, tasks that embody…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yuze Zhao , Tianyun Ji , Wenjun Feng , Zhenya Huang , Qi Liu , Zhiding Liu , Yixiao Ma , Kai Zhang , Enhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in situations where human values are at stake, such as decision-making tasks that involve reasoning when performed by humans. We investigate the so-called reasoning capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Nathaniël de Leeuw , Marceau Nahon , Mathis Reymond , Raja Chatila , Mehdi Khamassi

Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE) is a key technique in program analysis, widely used in software testing, vulnerability discovery, and formal verification. In distributed AI systems, DSE plays a crucial role in identifying hard-to-detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ruoxi Wang , Kun Li , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Kaidi Xu , Chunchi Liu , Yinhao Xiao , Xiuzhen Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential in long-horizon decision-making tasks, such as embodied manipulation and web interaction. However, agents frequently struggle with endless trial-and-error loops or deviate from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Bin Wen , Ruoxuan Zhang , Yang Chen , Hongxia Xie , Lan-Zhe Guo

Neural-symbolic methods have demonstrated efficiency in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods mainly rely on syntactically mapping natural languages to complete formal languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yiming Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Pei Zhang , Baosong Yang , Rui Wang

Recent efforts in practical symbolic execution have successfully mitigated the path-explosion problem to some extent with search-based heuristics and compositional approaches. Similarly, due to an increase in the performance of cheap…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Saahil Ognawala , Ana Petrovska , Kristian Beckers

LLMs can solve program synthesis tasks but remain inefficient and unreliable on hard instances requiring large combinatorial search. Given a small set of reasoning traces, we use coding agents to compile them into reusable symbolic program…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Atharva Naik , Yash Mathur , Prakam , Carolyn Rose , David Mortensen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet they struggle with inconsistent reasoning, particularly in novel domains and complex logical sequences. This research introduces Proof of Thought, a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Debargha Ganguly , Srinivasan Iyengar , Vipin Chaudhary , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Large language models (LLMs) excel at processing and generating both text and code. However, LLMs have had limited applicability in grounded task-oriented dialogue as they are difficult to steer toward task objectives and fail to handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Justin T. Chiu , Wenting Zhao , Derek Chen , Saujas Vaduguru , Alexander M. Rush , Daniel Fried

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable prowess in code generation. However, automated code generation is still challenging since it requires a high-level semantic mapping between natural language requirements and codes. Most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yingwei Ma , Yue Yu , Shanshan Li , Yu Jiang , Yong Guo , Yuanliang Zhang , Yutao Xie , Xiangke Liao

Financial regulations are increasingly complex, hindering automated compliance-especially the maintenance of logical consistency with minimal human oversight. We introduce a Neuro-Symbolic Compliance Framework that integrates Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yung-Shen Hsia , Fang Yu , Jie-Hong Roland Jiang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are set to transform how machines process and generate human-like responses by integrating diverse modalities such as text, images, and code. Yet, effectively harnessing their capabilities hinges on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Anwesha Mohanty , Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Arsalan Shahid

Many security and software testing applications require checking whether certain properties of a program hold for any possible usage scenario. For instance, a tool for identifying software vulnerabilities may need to rule out the existence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Roberto Baldoni , Emilio Coppa , Daniele Cono D'Elia , Camil Demetrescu , Irene Finocchi

Symbolic execution detects vulnerabilities with precision, but applying it to large codebases requires harnesses that set up symbolic state, model dependencies, and specify assertions. Writing these harnesses has traditionally been a manual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Md Shafiuzzaman , Achintya Desai , Wenbo Guo , Tevfik Bultan

Human cognition typically involves thinking through abstract, fluid concepts rather than strictly using discrete linguistic tokens. Current reasoning models, however, are constrained to reasoning within the boundaries of human language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhen Zhang , Xuehai He , Weixiang Yan , Ao Shen , Chenyang Zhao , Shuohang Wang , Yelong Shen , Xin Eric Wang

Despite significant progress in natural language understanding, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain error-prone when performing logical reasoning, often lacking the robust mental representations that enable human-like comprehension. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 François Olivier , Zied Bouraoui

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in addressing logic problems. capitalizing on the great capabilities of LLMs for code-related activities, several frameworks leveraging logical solvers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Minyu Chen , Guoqiang Li , Ling-I Wu , Ruibang Liu , Yuxin Su , Xi Chang , Jianxin Xue

LLMs approach logical and mathematical reasoning through natural or symbolic languages. While natural language offers human-accessible flexibility but suffers from ambiguity, symbolic reasoning provides precise, machine-executable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Simeng Han , Tianyu Liu , Chuhan Li , Xuyuan Xiong , Arman Cohan