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In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential in real-world applications. They are developing rapidly due to their remarkable ability to comprehend multimodal information and their inherent powerful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Bozhou Li , Hao Liang , Zimo Meng , Wentao Zhang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success by integrating visual encoders with large language models (LLMs). While VLMs process dense image tokens across deep transformer stacks (incurring substantial computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Sambit Ghosh , R. Venkatesh Babu , Chirag Agarwal

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in visual-language understanding, demonstrating superior high-level semantic alignment within their vision encoders. An important question thus arises: Can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yikun Liu , Yuan Liu , Shangzhe Di , Haicheng Wang , Zhongyin Zhao , Le Tian , Xiao Zhou , Jie Zhou , Jiangchao Yao , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

This paper reveals that large language models (LLMs), despite being trained solely on textual data, are surprisingly strong encoders for purely visual tasks in the absence of language. Even more intriguingly, this can be achieved by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ziqi Pang , Ziyang Xie , Yunze Man , Yu-Xiong Wang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, but their ability to capture spatial relationships remains a blindspot. Current VLMs are typically built with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) style image encoders. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have rapidly advanced by leveraging powerful pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) as core reasoning backbones. As new and more capable LLMs emerge with improved reasoning, instruction-following, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sameera Horawalavithana , Lauren Phillips , Ian Stewart , Sai Munikoti , Karl Pazdernik

Vision language models (VLMs) have seen growing adoption in recent years, but many still struggle with basic spatial reasoning errors. We hypothesize that this is due to VLMs adopting pre-trained vision backbones, specifically vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ian Covert , Tony Sun , James Zou , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Many multimodal tasks, such as image captioning and visual question answering, require vision-language models (VLMs) to associate objects with their properties and spatial relations. Yet it remains unclear where and how such associations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kelly Cui , Nikhil Prakash , Ayush Raina , David Bau , Antonio Torralba , Tamar Rott Shaham

Recent breakthroughs in vision-language models (VLMs) start a new page in the vision community. The VLMs provide stronger and more generalizable feature embeddings compared to those from ImageNet-pretrained models, thanks to the training on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Jieneng Chen , Qihang Yu , Xiaohui Shen , Alan Yuille , Liang-Chieh Chen

Spatial intelligence requires visual representations that capture both semantic objects and geometric structure in the physical world. To support this, two major pre-training schemes are now widely used as foundation backbones:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Haozhan Shen , Tiancheng Zhao , Kangjia Zhao , Jianwei Yin

Effective multimodal reasoning depends on the alignment of visual and linguistic representations, yet the mechanisms by which vision-language models (VLMs) achieve this alignment remain poorly understood. Following the LiMBeR framework, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Constantin Venhoff , Ashkan Khakzar , Sonia Joseph , Philip Torr , Neel Nanda

Visual state-space models (SSMs) are increasingly promoted as efficient alternatives to Vision Transformers, yet their practical advantages remain unclear under fair comparison because existing studies rarely isolate encoder effects from…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Nichula Wasalathilaka , Dineth Perera , Oshadha Samarakoon , Buddhi Wijenayake , Roshan Godaliyadda , Vijitha Herath , Parakrama Ekanayake

Visual Language Models (VLMs) are now increasingly being merged with Large Language Models (LLMs) to enable new capabilities, particularly in terms of improved interactivity and open-ended responsiveness. While these are remarkable…

This study explores replacing Transformers in Visual Language Models (VLMs) with Mamba, a recent structured state space model (SSM) that demonstrates promising performance in sequence modeling. We test models up to 3B parameters under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Georgios Pantazopoulos , Malvina Nikandrou , Alessandro Suglia , Oliver Lemon , Arash Eshghi

Many vision-language models (VLMs) that prove very effective at a range of multimodal task, build on CLIP-based vision encoders, which are known to have various limitations. We investigate the hypothesis that the strong language backbone in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sho Takishita , Jay Gala , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Kentaro Inui , Yova Kementchedjhieva

A dominant assumption in Multimodal Language Model (MLLM) research is that its performance is largely inherited from the LLM backbone, given its immense parameter scale and remarkable capabilities. This has created a void in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Junha Song , Sangdoo Yun , Dongyoon Han , Jaegul Choo , Byeongho Heo

Vision Language Models (VLMs) offer the exciting possibility of processing text as rendered images, bypassing the need for tokenizing the text into long token sequences. Since VLM image encoders map fixed-size images to a fixed number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Roy Xie , Dan Friedman , Donghan Yu , Bowen Pan , Christopher Fifty , Jang-Hyun Kim , Xianzhi Du , Zhe Gan , Vivek Rathod , Bhuwan Dhingra

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enhanced traditional LLMs with visual capabilities through the integration of vision encoders. While recent works have explored various combinations of vision encoders and LLMs, there still lacks a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Muyang Li , Yucheng Liu , Jianbo Ma , Elliot Osborne , Bo Han , Tongliang Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) are typically composed of a vision encoder, e.g. CLIP, and a language model (LM) that interprets the encoded features to solve downstream tasks. Despite remarkable progress, VLMs are subject to several…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , Alessio Tonioni , Petra Poklukar , Achin Kulshrestha , Amir Zamir , Federico Tombari

Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles
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