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We introduce a framework for robust uncertainty quantification in situations where labeled training data are corrupted, through noisy or missing labels. We build on conformal prediction, a statistical tool for generating prediction sets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Shai Feldman , Stephen Bates , Yaniv Romano

Public-use survey data are an important source of information for researchers in social science and health studies to build statistical models and make inferences on the target finite population. This paper presents two general inferential…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-26 Puying Zhao , J. N. K. Rao , Changbao Wu

Propensity score plays a central role in causal inference, but its use is not limited to causal comparisons. As a covariate balancing tool, propensity score can be used for controlled descriptive comparisons between groups whose memberships…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-09 Fan Li , Fan Li

We develop an iterative framework for economic measurement that leverages large language models to extract measurement structure directly from survey instruments. The approach maps survey items to a sparse distribution over latent…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-04 Tiancheng Wang , Krishna Sharma

This paper proposes a general family of estimators for estimating the population mean in systematic sampling in the presence of non-response adapting the family of estimators proposed by Khoshnevisan et al. (2007). In this paper we have…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-09 M. K. Chaudhary , Sachin Malik , Jayant Singh , Rajesh Singh

Numerous process discovery techniques exist for generating process models that describe recorded executions of business processes. The models are meant to generalize executions into human-understandable modeling patterns, notably…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Dennis Brons , Roeland Scheepens , Dirk Fahland

Because high-quality data is like oxygen for AI systems, effectively eliciting information from crowdsourcing workers has become a first-order problem for developing high-performance machine learning algorithms. Two prevalent paradigms,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Shengwei Xu , Yichi Zhang , Paul Resnick , Grant Schoenebeck

The exponential growth of scientific submissions has strained the peer review system. Despite the rapidly expanding global pool of researchers, this unprecedented scale has rendered the previous approach of manual expert identification…

As prompt engineering research rapidly evolves, evaluations beyond accuracy are crucial for developing cost-effective techniques. We present the Economical Prompting Index (EPI), a novel metric that combines accuracy scores with token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Tyler McDonald , Anthony Colosimo , Yifeng Li , Ali Emami

Imputing missing potential outcomes using an estimated regression function is a natural idea for estimating causal effects. In the literature, estimators that combine imputation and regression adjustments are believed to be comparable to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-20 Zhexiao Lin , Fang Han

Predictive Bayesian inference (PBI) represents a model-and prior-agnostic approach to standard Bayesian inference which allows users to quantify uncertainty for a functional of interest only by specifying a forward predictive model for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-04 David T. Frazier , Hui Wang

Generalization error predictors (GEPs) aim to predict model performance on unseen distributions by deriving dataset-level error estimates from sample-level scores. However, GEPs often utilize disparate mechanisms (e.g., regressors,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Puja Trivedi , Danai Koutra , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

Inductive Conformal Prediction (ICP) is a set of distribution-free and model agnostic algorithms devised to predict with a user-defined confidence with coverage guarantee. Instead of having point predictions, i.e., a real number in the case…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-05 Martim Sousa

The use of big data in official statistics and the applied sciences is accelerating, but statistics computed using only big data often suffer from substantial selection bias. This leads to inaccurate estimation and invalid statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-11 Ryan Covey , Lucca Buonamano

We develop a method to generate prediction sets with a guaranteed coverage rate that is robust to corruptions in the training data, such as missing or noisy variables. Our approach builds on conformal prediction, a powerful framework to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Shai Feldman , Yaniv Romano

Conformal Prediction (CP) has emerged as a powerful statistical framework for high-stakes classification applications. Instead of predicting a single class, CP generates a prediction set, guaranteed to include the true label with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ariel Fargion , Lahav Dabah , Tom Tirer

Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is a popular regression method, which unlike most Machine Learning techniques, provides estimates of uncertainty for its predictions. These uncertainty estimates however, are based on the assumption that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Harris Papadopoulos

Mutual information (MI) is a fundamental measure of statistical dependence between two variables, yet accurate estimation from finite data remains notoriously difficult. No estimator is universally reliable, and common approaches fail in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-10-02 Eslam Abdelaleem , K. Michael Martini , Ilya Nemenman

The aim of survey statistics is to produce estimates with a minimal bias and a corresponding acceptable variance given a specific budget, preferable with a minor response burden for the participants. In recent years, considerable efforts…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-02 Martin Hyllienmark , Gustaf Strandell

Forensic examination of evidence like firearms and toolmarks, traditionally involves a visual and therefore subjective assessment of similarity of two questioned items. Statistical models are used to overcome this subjectivity and allow…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Ganesh Krishnan , Heike Hofmann