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The foundational capabilities established by Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), within which Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are essential for realizing universal auditory…

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in executing complex tasks in a zero-shot manner, they are susceptible to jailbreak attacks and can be manipulated to produce harmful outputs. Recently, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Zhao Xu , Fan Liu , Hao Liu

Conversational large language models are trained to refuse to answer harmful questions. However, emergent jailbreaking techniques can still elicit unsafe outputs, presenting an ongoing challenge for model alignment. To better understand how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Sarah Ball , Frauke Kreuter , Nina Panickssery

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across various domains, including chatbots and auto-task completion agents. However, these models are susceptible to safety vulnerabilities such as jailbreaking, prompt injection,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Divyanshu Kumar , Anurakt Kumar , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, but their deployment has exposed critical vulnerabilities, particularly to jailbreak attacks that circumvent safety alignments. Guardrails--external defense mechanisms that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xunguang Wang , Zhenlan Ji , Wenxuan Wang , Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang

As the development of large language models (LLMs) rapidly advances, securing these models effectively without compromising their utility has become a pivotal area of research. However, current defense strategies against jailbreak attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Caishuang Huang , Wanxu Zhao , Rui Zheng , Huijie Lv , Wenyu Zhan , Shihan Dou , Sixian Li , Xiao Wang , Enyu Zhou , Junjie Ye , Yuming Yang , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in many applications, from customer service chat bots and software development assistants to more capable agentic systems necessitates research into how to secure these systems. Attacks like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Erick Galinkin , Martin Sablotny

Recent large language model (LLM) defenses have greatly improved models' ability to refuse harmful queries, even when adversarially attacked. However, LLM defenses are primarily evaluated against automated adversarial attacks in a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Nathaniel Li , Ziwen Han , Ian Steneker , Willow Primack , Riley Goodside , Hugh Zhang , Zifan Wang , Cristina Menghini , Summer Yue

Large Language Models (LLMs) serve as the backbone of modern AI systems, yet they remain susceptible to adversarial jailbreak attacks. Consequently, robust detection of such malicious inputs is paramount for ensuring model safety.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jun Leng , Yu Liu , Litian Zhang , Ruihan Hu , Zhuting Fang , Xi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have performed exceptionally in various text-generative tasks, including question answering, translation, code completion, etc. However, the over-assistance of LLMs has raised the challenge of "jailbreaking",…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Sibo Yi , Yule Liu , Zhen Sun , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Jiaxing Song , Ke Xu , Qi Li

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has brought both transformative applications and new security risks, including jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards to elicit harmful outputs. Existing automated jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Siyang Cheng , Gaotian Liu , Rui Mei , Yilin Wang , Kejia Zhang , Kaishuo Wei , Yuqi Yu , Weiping Wen , Xiaojie Wu , Junhua Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly used for content moderation, yet their robustness in short-form video contexts remains underexplored. Current safety evaluations often rely on unimodal attacks, failing to address…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained considerable popularity and protected by increasingly sophisticated safety mechanisms. However, jailbreak attacks continue to pose a critical security threat by inducing models to generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zehao Liu , Xi Lin

The robustness and security of large language models (LLMs) has become a prominent research area. One notable vulnerability is the ability to bypass LLM safeguards by translating harmful queries into rare or underrepresented languages, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Hongliang Li , Jinan Xu , Gengping Cui , Changhao Guan , Fengran Mo , Kaiyu Huang

Recently, Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated superior logical capabilities compared to traditional Large Language Models (LLMs), gaining significant attention. Despite their impressive performance, the potential for stronger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Viet-Anh Nguyen , Shiqian Zhao , Gia Dao , Runyi Hu , Yi Xie , Luu Anh Tuan

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advanced general capabilities, still suffer from numerous safety risks, especially jailbreak attacks that bypass safety protocols. Understanding these vulnerabilities through black-box jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Shouwei Ruan , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns about jailbreaking attacks, i.e., prompts that bypass safety mechanisms. This paper investigates the use of multi-agent LLM systems as a defence against such attacks. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Maria Carolina Cornelia Wit , Jun Pang

Safety alignment mechanism are essential for preventing large language models (LLMs) from generating harmful information or unethical content. However, cleverly crafted prompts can bypass these safety measures without accessing the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Sunbowen Lee , Shiwen Ni , Chi Wei , Shuaimin Li , Liyang Fan , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Ruifeng Xu , Yicheng Gong , Min Yang

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to ensuring that large language models (LLMs) align with human values and generate safe text. However, an excessive focus on sensitivity to certain topics can compromise the model's robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Huachuan Qiu , Shuai Zhang , Anqi Li , Hongliang He , Zhenzhong Lan

Although safely enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tackling various complex tasks in a zero-shot manner, they remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks, particularly the unknown jailbreak attack. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Fan Liu , Zhao Xu , Hao Liu