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Multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs) have become common practice for drug development and global registration. Once overall significance is established, demonstrating regional consistency is critical for local health authorities. Methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-14 Xinru Ren , Jin Xu

Modern randomization methods in clinical trials are invariably adaptive, meaning that the assignment of the next subject to a treatment group uses the accumulated information in the trial. Some of the recent adaptive randomization methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-12 Alan R. Vazquez , Weng Kee Wong

We study optimal variance reduction solutions for count and ratio metrics in online controlled experiments. Our methods leverage flexible machine learning tools to incorporate covariates that are independent from the treatment but have…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Ying Jin , Shan Ba

Stepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SWCRTs) often face challenges with potential confounding by time trends. Traditional frequentist methods can fail to provide adequate coverage of the intervention's true effect using confidence…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-02 Danni Wu , Hyung G. Park , Corita R. Grudzen , Keith S. Goldfeld

Cluster randomized trials with measurements at baseline can improve power over post-test only designs by using difference in difference designs. However, subjects may be lost to follow-up between the baseline and follow-up periods. While…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-26 Jonathan Moyer , Ken Kleinman

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their remarkable capabilities across various domains, whose vast parameter scales present challenges for practical deployment. Structured pruning is an effective method to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Gui Ling , Ziyang Wang , Yuliang Yan , Qingwen Liu

Clustering samples according to an effective metric and/or vector space representation is a challenging unsupervised learning task with a wide spectrum of applications. Among several clustering algorithms, k-means and its kernelized version…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Marco Jacopo Ferrarotti , Sergio Decherchi , Walter Rocchia

Hierarchical composite endpoints, such as those analyzed using the Finkelstein-Schoenfeld (FS) statistic, are increasingly used in clinical trials for their ability to incorporate clinically prioritized outcomes. However, adaptive design…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-22 Krishna Padmanabhan , Cyrus Mehta

To design Bayesian studies, criteria for the operating characteristics of posterior analyses - such as power and the type I error rate - are often assessed by estimating sampling distributions of posterior probabilities via simulation. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-17 Luke Hagar , Nathaniel T. Stevens

We study the problem of resource provisioning under stringent reliability or service level requirements, which arise in applications such as power distribution, emergency response, cloud server provisioning, and regulatory risk management.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Anand Deo , Karthyek Murthy

Approximate circuits trading the power consumption for the quality of results play a key role in the development of energy-aware systems. Designing complex approximate circuits is, however, a very difficult and computationally demanding…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Milan Češka , Jiří Matyáš , Vojtech Mrazek , Tomáš Vojnar

In a wide range of statistical learning problems such as ranking, clustering or metric learning among others, the risk is accurately estimated by $U$-statistics of degree $d\geq 1$, i.e. functionals of the training data with low variance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-25 Stéphan Clémençon , Aurélien Bellet , Igor Colin

A model-based optimal experiment design (OED) of nonlinear systems is studied. OED represents a methodology for optimizing the geometry of the parametric joint-confidence regions (CRs), which are obtained in an a posteriori analysis of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-14 Anwesh Reddy Gottu Mukkula , Radoslav Paulen

In cluster-randomized trials (CRTs), there is emerging interest in exploring the causal mechanism in which a cluster-level treatment affects the outcome through an intermediate outcome. The majority of existing causal mediation methods are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-12 Chao Cheng , Fan Li

Estimation of crossed random effects models commonly requires computational costs that grow faster than linearly in the sample size $N$, often as fast as $\Omega(N^{3/2})$, making them unsuitable for large data sets. For non-Gaussian…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-01 Ruggero Bellio , Swarnadip Ghosh , Art B. Owen , Cristiano Varin

The conclusions of randomized controlled trials may be biased when the outcome of one unit depends on the treatment status of other units, a problem known as interference. In this work, we study interference in the setting of one-sided…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-01 Jennifer Brennan , Vahab Mirrokni , Jean Pouget-Abadie

Hybrid type 2 studies are gaining popularity for their ability to assess both implementation and health outcomes as co-primary endpoints. Often conducted as cluster-randomized trials (CRTs), five design methods can validly power these…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Melody Owen , Fan Li , Ruyi Liu , Donna Spiegelman

In this paper, we provide optimal solutions to two different (but related) input/output design problems involving large-scale linear dynamical systems, where the cost associated to each directly actuated/measured state variable can take…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-02-02 Sergio Pequito , A. Pedro Aguiar , Soummya Kar

Sampling from a high-dimensional probability distribution is a fundamental algorithmic task arising in wide-ranging applications across multiple disciplines, including scientific computing, computational statistics and machine learning.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Bin Yang , Xiaojie Wang

Due to ethical and economical reasons, sequential single-arm trial designs are used for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of new treatments in phase II trials. Simon's 2-stage design and Lan-DeMets' $\alpha$-spending function method with…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-31 Tasuku Inao , Isao Yokota