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We model a competitive market where AI agents buy answers from upstream generative models and resell them to users who differ in how much they value accuracy and in how much they fear hallucinations. Agents can privately exert effort for…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-14 Engin Iyidogan , Ali I. Ozkes

We consider the insurance company as a physical system which is immersed in its environment (the financial market). The insurer company interacts with the market by exchanging the money through the payments for loss claims and receiving the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-10 Amir H. Darooneh

This paper considers optimal control problem of a large insurance company under a fixed insolvency probability. The company controls proportional reinsurance rate, dividend pay-outs and investing process to maximize the expected present…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2010-06-01 Zongxia Liang , Jianping Huang

In an electric power system, demand fluctuations may result in significant ancillary cost to suppliers. Furthermore, in the near future, deep penetration of volatile renewable electricity generation is expected to exacerbate the variability…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-07-13 John N. Tsitsiklis , Yunjian Xu

We are concerned with the market-consistent valuation of lifelong health insurance products, which are subject to adjustments derived from the actuarial equivalence principle and driven by (medical) inflation. Such products are…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-30 Simon Hochgerner , Jonas Ingmanns , Nicole Kastanek

Dynamic pricing is commonly used to regulate congestion in shared service systems. This paper is motivated by the fact that in the presence of users with varying price sensitivity (responsiveness), conventional monotonic pricing can lead to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Yingqing Chen , Anni Li , Christos G. Cassandras , Homayoun Hamedmoghadam , Fabian Wirth , Robert Shorten

This paper presents an optimal allocation problem in a financial market with one risk-free and one risky asset, when the market is driven by a stochastic market price of risk. We solve the problem in continuous time, for an investor with a…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-09-19 Katia Colaneri , Stefano Herzel , Marco Nicolosi

In this paper we study the optimal investment and reinsurance problem of an insurance company whose investment preferences are described via a forward dynamic exponential utility in a regime-switching market model. Financial and actuarial…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-06-29 Katia Colaneri , Alessandra Cretarola , Benedetta Salterini

We study the dynamic indifference pricing with ambiguity preferences. For this, we introduce the dynamic expected utility with ambiguity via the nonlinear expectation--G-expectation, introduced by Peng (2007). We also study the risk…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-15 Qian Lin

We consider a risk model where deficits after ruin are covered by a new type of reinsurance contract that provides capital injections. To allow the insurance company's survival after ruin, the reinsurer injects capital only at ruin times…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-06-13 Zied Ben Salah , José Garrido

At the core of insurance business lies classification between risky and non-risky insureds, actuarial fairness meaning that risky insureds should contribute more and pay a higher premium than non-risky or less-risky ones. Actuaries,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-27 Vincent Grari , Arthur Charpentier , Marcin Detyniecki

We define what "Price Impact" means, and how it is measured and modelled in the recent literature. Although this notion seems to convey the idea of a forceful and intuitive mechanism, we discuss why things might not be that simple.…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-24 J. P. Bouchaud

In high-risk environments, traditional indemnity insurance is often unaffordable or ineffective, despite its well-known optimality under expected utility. We compare excess-of-loss indemnity insurance with parametric insurance within a…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-10 Benjamin Avanzi , Debbie Kusch Falden , Mogens Steffensen

We investigate asymmetry of information in the context of robust approach to pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. We consider two agents, one who only observes the stock prices and another with some additional information, and…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-04-02 Anna Aksamit , Zhaoxu Hou , Jan Obłój

I study the limit of a large random economy, where a set of consumers invests in financial instruments engineered by banks, in order to optimize their future consumption. This exercise shows that, even in the ideal case of perfect…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2009-06-09 Matteo Marsili

A reinsurance contract should address the conflicting interests of the insurer and reinsurer. Most of existing optimal reinsurance contracts only considers the interests of one party. This article combines the proportional and stop-loss…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-01-24 Amir T. Payandeh-Najafabadi , Ali Panahi-Bazaz

We develop an agent-based simulation of the catastrophe insurance and reinsurance industry and use it to study the problem of risk model homogeneity. The model simulates the balance sheets of insurance firms, who collect premiums from…

General Economics · Economics 2019-11-21 Torsten Heinrich , Juan Sabuco , J. Doyne Farmer

In this paper, we assume an insure is allowed to purchase proportional reinsurance and can invest his or her wealth into the financial market where a savings account, stocks and bonds are available. Different from classical optimal…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-07-01 Xiaoxiao Zheng , Xin Zhang

The question of pricing and hedging a given contingent claim has a unique solution in a complete market framework. When some incompleteness is introduced, the problem becomes however more difficult. Several approaches have been adopted in…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-08-08 Pauline Barrieu , Nicole El Karoui

Flexibility options, such as demand response, energy storage and interconnection, have the potential to reduce variation in electricity prices between different future scenarios, therefore reducing investment risk. Moreover, investment in…

General Economics · Economics 2021-10-11 Thomas Möbius , Iegor Riepin , Felix Müsgens , Adriaan H. van der Weijde