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We present Diffusion-KTO, a novel approach for aligning text-to-image diffusion models by formulating the alignment objective as the maximization of expected human utility. Since this objective applies to each generation independently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka

Sketch2Prototype is an AI-based framework that transforms a hand-drawn sketch into a diverse set of 2D images and 3D prototypes through sketch-to-text, text-to-image, and image-to-3D stages. This framework, shown across various sketches,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kristen M. Edwards , Brandon Man , Faez Ahmed

Topology optimization is widely used by engineers during the initial product development process to get a first possible geometry design. The state-of-the-art is the iterative calculation, which requires both time and computational power.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Alex Halle , L. Flavio Campanile , Alexander Hasse

The rapid progress in diffusion models, transformers, and language agents has unlocked new possibilities, yet their potential in user interfaces and commercial applications remains underexplored. We present Sketch-Search Agent, a novel…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Edward Sun

In traditional topology optimization, the computing time required to iteratively update the material distribution within a design domain strongly depends on the complexity or size of the problem, limiting its application in real engineering…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Gabriel Garayalde , Matteo Torzoni , Matteo Bruggi , Alberto Corigliano

In the process of product design and digital fabrication, the structural analysis of a designed prototype is a fundamental and essential step. However, such a step is usually invisible or inaccessible to designers at the early sketching…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Deng Yu , Chufeng Xiao , Manfred Lau , Hongbo Fu

Tokenizing images into compact visual representations is a key step in learning efficient and high-quality image generative models. We present a simple diffusion tokenizer (DiTo) that learns compact visual representations for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yinbo Chen , Rohit Girdhar , Xiaolong Wang , Sai Saketh Rambhatla , Ishan Misra

Animating hand-drawn sketches using traditional tools is challenging and complex. Sketches provide a visual basis for explanations, and animating these sketches offers an experience of real-time scenarios. We propose an approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Gaurav Rai , Ojaswa Sharma

In this paper, we propose PATO-a producibility-aware topology optimization (TO) framework to help efficiently explore the design space of components fabricated using metal additive manufacturing (AM), while ensuring manufacturability with…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Naresh S. Iyer , Amir M. Mirzendehdel , Sathyanarayanan Raghavan , Yang Jiao , Erva Ulu , Morad Behandish , Saigopal Nelaturi , Dean M. Robinson

TIPO (Text-to-Image Prompt Optimization) introduces an efficient approach for automatic prompt refinement in text-to-image (T2I) generation. Starting from simple user prompts, TIPO leverages a lightweight pre-trained model to expand these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shih-Ying Yeh , Yi Li , Sang-Hyun Park , Giyeong Oh , Xuehai Wang , Min Song , Youngjae Yu , Shang-Hong Lai

Topology optimization (TO) in two dimensions often presents a trade-off between structural performance and manufacturability, with unpenalized (variable-thickness) methods yielding superior but complex designs, and penalized (SIMP) methods…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Gabriel Stankiewicz , Chaitanya Dev , Paul Steinmann

Personalization techniques for large text-to-image (T2I) models allow users to incorporate new concepts from reference images. However, existing methods primarily rely on textual descriptions, leading to limited control over customized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Chufeng Xiao , Hongbo Fu

Geometry- and appearance-controlled full-body human image generation is an interesting but challenging task. Existing solutions are either unconditional or dependent on coarse conditions (e.g., pose, text), thus lacking explicit geometry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Linzi Qu , Jiaxiang Shang , Hui Ye , Xiaoguang Han , Hongbo Fu

Topology optimization can generate efficient structures, but designers often must manually translate qualitative intent, such as desired visual style, product experience, or manufacturability into solver settings that are not directly tied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Isabella A. Stewart , Hongrui Chen , Faez Ahmed

We introduce a novel sketch-to-image tool that aligns with the iterative refinement process of artists. Our tool lets users sketch blocking strokes to coarsely represent the placement and form of objects and detail strokes to refine their…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Vishnu Sarukkai , Lu Yuan , Mia Tang , Maneesh Agrawala , Kayvon Fatahalian

Topology Optimization seeks to find the best design that satisfies a set of constraints while maximizing system performance. Traditional iterative optimization methods like SIMP can be computationally expensive and get stuck in local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Giorgio Giannone , Faez Ahmed

Text-to-image (T2I) systems enable rapid generation of high-fidelity imagery but are misaligned with how visual ideas develop. T2I systems generate outputs that make implicit visual decisions on behalf of the user, often introduce…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zoe De Simone , Angie Boggust , Fredo Durand , Ashia Wilson , Arvind Satyanarayan

Topology optimization is a powerful tool utilized in various fields for structural design. However, its application has primarily been restricted to static or passively moving objects, mainly focusing on hard materials with limited…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Changyoung Yuhn , Yuki Sato , Hiroki Kobayashi , Atsushi Kawamoto , Tsuyoshi Nomura

Sketch-based image editing aims to synthesize and modify photos based on the structural information provided by the human-drawn sketches. Since sketches are difficult to collect, previous methods mainly use edge maps instead of sketches to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Shuai Yang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiaying Liu , Zongming Guo

Despite many attempts to leverage pre-trained text-to-image models (T2I) like Stable Diffusion (SD) for controllable image editing, producing good predictable results remains a challenge. Previous approaches have focused on either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Sherry X. Chen , Yaron Vaxman , Elad Ben Baruch , David Asulin , Aviad Moreshet , Kuo-Chin Lien , Misha Sra , Pradeep Sen