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Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are deep probabilistic models that are used in scientific applications. Many works try to mitigate this problem from the probabilistic methods perspective by new inference techniques or training procedures.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-24 Tim Z. Xiao , Johannes Zenn , Robert Bamler

With the increasingly widespread deployment of generative models, there is a mounting need for a deeper understanding of their behaviors and limitations. In this paper, we expose the limitations of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-12 Mihaela Rosca , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Shakir Mohamed

The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a well-studied, deep, latent-variable model (DLVM) that efficiently optimizes the variational lower bound of the log marginal data likelihood and has a strong theoretical foundation. However, the VAE's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Surojit Saha , Sarang Joshi , Ross Whitaker

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are highly vulnerable to presentation attacks, also called spoofing attacks. Replay is among the simplest attacks to mount - yet difficult to detect reliably. The generalization failure of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Bhusan Chettri , Tomi Kinnunen , Emmanouil Benetos

Variational Autoencoder is a scalable method for learning latent variable models of complex data. It employs a clear objective that can be easily optimized. However, it does not explicitly measure the quality of learned representations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Andriy Serdega , Dae-Shik Kim

Latent diffusion models have established a new state-of-the-art in high-resolution visual generation. Integrating Vision Foundation Model priors improves generative efficiency, yet existing latent designs remain largely heuristic. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hangyu Liu , Jianyong Wang , Yutao Sun

Generative thermal design for complex geometries is fundamental in many areas of engineering, yet it faces two main challenges: the high computational cost of high-fidelity simulations and the limitations of conventional generative models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Alicia Tierz , Jad Mounayer , Beatriz Moya , Francisco Chinesta

Variational autoencoder (VAE) is a very successful generative model whose key element is the so called amortized inference network, which can perform test time inference using a single feed forward pass. Unfortunately, this comes at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Minyoung Kim , Vladimir Pavlovic

Any autoencoder network can be turned into a generative model by imposing an arbitrary prior distribution on its hidden code vector. Variational Autoencoder (VAE) [2] uses a KL divergence penalty to impose the prior, whereas Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Mahdi Azarafrooz

Geostatistical modeling of petrophysical properties is a key step in modern integrated oil and gas reservoir studies. Recently, generative adversarial networks (GAN) have been shown to be a successful method for generating unconditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-16 Lukas Mosser , Olivier Dubrule , Martin J. Blunt

Learning interpretable and disentangled representations of data is a key topic in machine learning research. Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is a scalable method for learning directed latent variable models of complex data. It employs a clear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Andriy Serdega , Dae-Shik Kim

Variational Autoencoders (VAE) are popular generative models used to sample from complex data distributions. Despite their empirical success in various machine learning tasks, significant gaps remain in understanding their theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-23 Sobihan Surendran , Antoine Godichon-Baggioni , Sylvain Le Corff

Variation Autoencoder (VAE) has become a powerful tool in modeling the non-linear generative process of data from a low-dimensional latent space. Recently, several studies have proposed to use VAE for unsupervised clustering by using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Qingyu Zhao , Nicolas Honnorat , Ehsan Adeli , Kilian M. Pohl

Clustering is among the most fundamental tasks in computer vision and machine learning. In this paper, we propose Variational Deep Embedding (VaDE), a novel unsupervised generative clustering approach within the framework of Variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-29 Zhuxi Jiang , Yin Zheng , Huachun Tan , Bangsheng Tang , Hanning Zhou

Deep probabilistic generative models have achieved incredible success in many fields of application. Among such models, variational autoencoders (VAEs) have proved their ability in modeling a generative process by learning a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Eleonora Grassucci , Danilo Comminiello , Aurelio Uncini

A non-intrusive data assimilation methodology is developed to improve the statistical predictions of large-eddy simulations (LES). The ensemble-variational (EnVar) approach aims to minimize a cost function that is defined as the discrepancy…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-09-28 Vincent Mons , Yifan Du , Tamer A. Zaki

The ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) is becoming a popular assisted history matching method. In its standard form, the method requires the specification of the number of iterations in advance. If the selected…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Alexandre A. Emerick

In recent years, deep learning based generative models, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), and Diffusion Models (DMs), have been instrumental in in generating diverse, high-quality content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shamim Yazdani , Akansha Singh , Nripsuta Saxena , Zichong Wang , Avash Palikhe , Deng Pan , Umapada Pal , Jie Yang , Wenbin Zhang

With the development of deep learning techniques, the combination of deep learning with image compression has drawn lots of attention. Recently, learned image compression methods had exceeded their classical counterparts in terms of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-03 Ze Cui , Jing Wang , Shangyin Gao , Bo Bai , Tiansheng Guo , Yihui Feng

Recently, the introduction of the generative adversarial network (GAN) and its variants has enabled the generation of realistic synthetic samples, which has been used for enlarging training sets. Previous work primarily focused on data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Swee Kiat Lim , Yi Loo , Ngoc-Trung Tran , Ngai-Man Cheung , Gemma Roig , Yuval Elovici