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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive success on many benchmarks for mathematical reasoning. However, there is growing concern that some of this performance actually reflects dataset contamination, where data closely…

The fairness and trustworthiness of Large Language Models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. Implicit hate speech, which employs indirect language to convey hateful intentions, occupies a significant portion of practice. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Min Zhang , Jianfeng He , Taoran Ji , Chang-Tien Lu

Grading exams is an important, labor-intensive, subjective, repetitive, and frequently challenging task. The feasibility of autograding textual responses has greatly increased thanks to the availability of large language models (LLMs) such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Bernd Schenk , Christina Niklaus

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making, yet their susceptibility to cognitive biases remains a pressing challenge. This study explores how personality traits influence these biases and evaluates the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiangen He , Jiqun Liu

The Large Language Model Bias Index (LLMBI) is a pioneering approach designed to quantify and address biases inherent in large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4. We recognise the increasing prevalence and impact of LLMs across diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Abiodun Finbarrs Oketunji , Muhammad Anas , Deepthi Saina

Scholarly peer review is a cornerstone of scientific advancement, but the system is under strain due to increasing manuscript submissions and the labor-intensive nature of the process. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Rui Ye , Xianghe Pang , Jingyi Chai , Jiaao Chen , Zhenfei Yin , Zhen Xiang , Xiaowen Dong , Jing Shao , Siheng Chen

As educational systems evolve, ensuring that assessment items remain aligned with content standards is essential for maintaining fairness and instructional relevance. Traditional human alignment reviews are accurate but slow and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi , Pooya Razavi , Sonya Powers

Public leaderboards increasingly suggest that large language models (LLMs) surpass human experts on benchmarks spanning academic knowledge, law, and programming. Yet most benchmarks are fully public, their questions widely mirrored across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eshwar Reddy M , Sourav Karmakar

Large language models (LLMs) are known to be sensitive to input phrasing, but the mechanisms by which semantic cues shape reasoning remain poorly understood. We investigate this phenomenon in the context of comparative math problems with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Mohammadamin Shafiei , Hamidreza Saffari , Nafise Sadat Moosavi

We present the first systematic evaluation examining format bias in performance of large language models (LLMs). Our approach distinguishes between two categories of an evaluation metric under format constraints to reliably and accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Do Xuan Long , Hai Nguyen Ngoc , Tiviatis Sim , Hieu Dao , Shafiq Joty , Kenji Kawaguchi , Nancy F. Chen , Min-Yen Kan

This study presents the first large-scale, side-by-side comparison of contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs) in the automated grading of programming assignments. Drawing on over 6,000 student submissions collected across four years of an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Marcin Jukiewicz

Standardized math assessments require expensive human pilot studies to establish the difficulty of test items. We investigate the predictive value of open-source large language models (LLMs) for evaluating the difficulty of multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Christabel Acquaye , Yi Ting Huang , Marine Carpuat , Rachel Rudinger

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in AI-driven educational instruction and assessment, particularly within mathematics education. The capability of LLMs to generate accurate answers and detailed solutions for math…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Liang Zhang , Edith Aurora Graf

Students' handwritten math work provides a rich resource for diagnosing cognitive skills, as it captures intermediate reasoning beyond final answers. We investigate how current large language models (LLMs) perform in diagnosing cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yoonsu Kim , Hyoungwook Jin , Hayeon Doh , Eunhye Kim , Dongyun Jung , Seungju Kim , Kiyoon Choi , Jinho Son , Juho Kim

Accurately evaluating machine-translated text remains a long-standing challenge, particularly for long documents. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can serve as reliable and interpretable sentence-level translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tobias Domhan , Dawei Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for recommendation tasks due to their general-purpose capabilities. While LLMs perform well in rich-context settings, their behavior in cold-start scenarios, where only limited signals such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Alexandre Andre , Gauthier Roy , Eva Dyer , Kai Wang

This study examines how Large Language Models (LLMs) perform when tackling quantitative management decision problems in a zero-shot setting. Drawing on 900 responses generated by five leading models across 20 diverse managerial scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jonathan Kuzmanko

Large language models (LLMs) operate in two fundamental learning modes - fine-tuning (FT) and in-context learning (ICL) - raising key questions about which mode yields greater language proficiency and whether they differ in their inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Soumi Das , Till Speicher , Qinyuan Wu , Mohammad Aflah Khan , Deepak Garg , Krishna P. Gummadi , Evimaria Terzi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving, providing accurate feedback and scalable oversight on their outputs becomes an urgent and critical problem. Leveraging LLMs as critique models to achieve automated supervision is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Wenkai Yang , Jingwen Chen , Yankai Lin , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on diverse tasks but often exhibit cognitive inertia, struggling to follow instructions that conflict with the standardized patterns learned during supervised fine-tuning (SFT). To…