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The quest for non-commutative matrix multiplication algorithms in small dimensions has seen a lot of recent improvements recently. In particular, the number of scalar multiplications required to multiply two $4\times4$ matrices was first…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Clément Pernet , Alexandre Sedoglavic

We propose a strategy for the generation of fast and accurate versions of non-commutative recursive matrix multiplication algorithms. To generate these algorithms, we consider matrix and tensor norm bounds governing the stability and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-25 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Clément Pernet , Alexandre Sedoglavic

We propose a non-commutative algorithm for multiplying 2x2 matrices using 7 coefficient products. This algorithm reaches simultaneously a better accuracy in practice compared to previously known such fast algorithms, and a time complexity…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-01 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Clément Pernet , Alexandre Sedoglavic

It is known that the multiplication of an $N \times M$ matrix with an $M \times P$ matrix can be performed using fewer multiplications than what the naive $NMP$ approach suggests. The most famous instance of this is Strassen's algorithm for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Arnaud Deza , Chang Liu , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Elias B. Khalil

We present new algorithms to detect and correct errors in the product of two matrices, or the inverse of a matrix, over an arbitrary field. Our algorithms do not require any additional information or encoding other than the original inputs…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Daniel S. Roche

In this paper we derive and analyze an algorithm for inverting quaternion matrices. The algorithm is an analogue of the Frobenius algorithm for the complex matrix inversion. On the theory side, we prove that our algorithm is more efficient…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Qiyuan Chen , J. Uhlmann , Ke Ye

We propose the arbitrary precision approximate (APA) bilinear algorithm of length 46 for multiplication of 4 x 4 and 4 x 4 matrices. The algorithm has polynomial order 3 and 352 nonzero coefficients from total 2208.

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-12-05 A. V. Smirnov

Fast algorithms for matrix multiplication, namely those that perform asymptotically fewer scalar operations than the classical algorithm, have been considered primarily of theoretical interest. Apart from Strassen's original algorithm, few…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Grey Ballard , Austin R. Benson , Alex Druinsky , Benjamin Lipshitz , Oded Schwartz

The Strassen algorithm and Winograd's variant accelerate matrix multiplication by using fewer arithmetic operations than standard matrix multiplication. Although many papers have been published to accelerate single- as well as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-27 Tomonori Kouya

The main purpose of this paper is pedagogical. Despite its importance, all proofs of the correctness of Strassen's famous 1969 algorithm to multiply two 2x2 matrices with only seven multiplications involve some basis-dependent calculations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Christian Ikenmeyer , Vladimir Lysikov

We present a non-commutative algorithm for the multiplication of a 2 x 2 block-matrix by its adjoint, defined by a matrix ring anti-homomorphism. This algorithm uses 5 block products (3 recursive calls and 2 general products)over C or in…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Clément Pernet , Alexandre Sedoglavic

In 1969 Strassen showed surprisingly that it is possible to multiply two 2 x 2 matrices using seven multiplications and 18 additions, instead of the naive eight multiplications and four additions. The number of additions was later reduced…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Erik Mårtensson , Paul Stankovski Wagner , Joshua Stapleton

After Strassen presented the first sub-cubic matrix multiplication algorithm, many Strassen-like algorithms are presented. Most of them with low asymptotic cost have large hidden leading coefficient which are thus impractical. To reduce the…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Pu Wu , Huiqing Jiang , Zehui Shao , Jin Xu

Volker Strassen first suggested an algorithm to multiply matrices with worst case running time less than the conventional $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ operations in 1969. He also presented a recursive algorithm with which to invert matrices, and…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Zak Tonks

Karppa & Kaski (2019) proposed a novel ``broken" or ``opportunistic" matrix multiplication algorithm, based on a variant of Strassen's algorithm, and used this to develop new algorithms for Boolean matrix multiplication, among other tasks.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-05 David G. Harris

We show that the product of an nx3 matrix and a 3x3 matrix over a commutative ring can be computed using 6n+3 multiplications. For two 3x3 matrices this gives us an algorithm using 21 multiplications. This is an improvement with respect to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Andreas Rosowski

This paper introduces an efficient algorithm for computing the best approximation of a given matrix onto the intersection of linear equalities, inequalities and the doubly nonnegative cone (the cone of all positive semidefinite matrices…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-20 Ying Cui , Defeng Sun , Kim-Chuan Toh

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental computation in many scientific disciplines. In this paper, we show that novel fast matrix multiplication algorithms can significantly outperform vendor implementations of the classical algorithm and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Austin R. Benson , Grey Ballard

It is widely known that the lower bound for the algorithmic complexity of square matrix multiplication resorts to at least $n^2$ arithmetic operations. The justification builds upon the following reasoning: given that there are $2 n^2$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Hugo Daniel Macedo

We show how to construct highly symmetric algorithms for matrix multiplication. In particular, we consider algorithms which decompose the matrix multiplication tensor into a sum of rank-1 tensors, where the decomposition itself consists of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Joshua A. Grochow , Cristopher Moore
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