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Addressing catastrophic forgetting is one of the key challenges in continual learning where machine learning systems are trained with sequential or streaming tasks. Despite recent remarkable progress in state-of-the-art deep learning, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Xilai Li , Yingbo Zhou , Tianfu Wu , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Continual learning (CL) aims to learn a sequence of tasks without forgetting prior knowledge, but gradient updates for a new task often overwrite the weights learned earlier, causing catastrophic forgetting (CF). We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Neil De La Fuente , Maria Pilligua , Daniel Vidal , Albin Soutiff , Cecilia Curreli , Daniel Cremers , Andrey Barsky

Continual learning (CL) has traditionally focused on minimizing exemplar memory, a constraint often misaligned with modern systems where GPU time, not storage, is the primary bottleneck. This paper challenges this paradigm by investigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Dongkyu Cho , Taesup Moon , Rumi Chunara , Kyunghyun Cho , Sungmin Cha

Designing efficient and effective architectural backbones has been in the core of research efforts to enhance the capability of foundation models. Inspired by the human cognitive phenomenon of attentional bias-the natural tendency to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Ali Behrouz , Meisam Razaviyayn , Peilin Zhong , Vahab Mirrokni

Continual learning, one's ability to adapt to a sequence of tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge, remains a major challenge in machine learning and a key gap between artificial and human intelligence. While regularisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hugo Hazard , Zafeirios Fountas , Martin A. Benfeghoul , Adnan Oomerjee , Jun Wang , Haitham Bou-Ammar

Machine Learning models in real-world applications must continuously learn new tasks to adapt to shifts in the data-generating distribution. Yet, for Continual Learning (CL), models often struggle to balance learning new tasks (plasticity)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

Developing autonomous vehicles (AVs) helps improve the road safety and traffic efficiency of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Accurately predicting the trajectories of traffic participants is essential to the decision-making and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Yunlong Lin , Zirui Li , Cheng Gong , Chao Lu , Xinwei Wang , Jianwei Gong

Continual Learning (CL) considers the problem of training an agent sequentially on a set of tasks while seeking to retain performance on all previous tasks. A key challenge in CL is catastrophic forgetting, which arises when performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Samuel Kessler , Jack Parker-Holder , Philip Ball , Stefan Zohren , Stephen J. Roberts

Continual learning is crucial for applying machine learning in challenging, dynamic, and often resource-constrained environments. However, catastrophic forgetting - overwriting previously learned knowledge when new information is acquired -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Filip Szatkowski , Yaoyue Zheng , Fei Yang , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński , Joost van de Weijer

Continual learning is the problem of learning new tasks or knowledge while protecting old knowledge and ideally generalizing from old experience to learn new tasks faster. Neural networks trained by stochastic gradient descent often degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 David Rolnick , Arun Ahuja , Jonathan Schwarz , Timothy P. Lillicrap , Greg Wayne

Lifelong or continual learning remains to be a challenge for artificial neural network, as it is required to be both stable for preservation of old knowledge and plastic for acquisition of new knowledge. It is common to see previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Song Zhang , Gehui Shen , Jinsong Huang , Zhi-Hong Deng

One of the key differences between the learning mechanism of humans and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is the ability of humans to learn one task at a time. ANNs, on the other hand, can only learn multiple tasks simultaneously. Any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Khurram Javed , Faisal Shafait

An intelligent system capable of continual learning is one that can process and extract knowledge from potentially infinitely long streams of pattern vectors. The major challenge that makes crafting such a system difficult is known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Hitesh Vaidya , Travis Desell , Ankur Mali , Alexander Ororbia

Recently, self-supervised representation learning gives further development in multimedia technology. Most existing self-supervised learning methods are applicable to packaged data. However, when it comes to streamed data, they are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Zhiwei Lin , Yongtao Wang , Hongxiang Lin

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) [40] trains classifiers under a strict memory budget: in each incremental phase, learning is done for new data, most of which is abandoned to free space for the next phase. The preserved data are exemplars…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yaoyao Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

We introduce a new training paradigm that enforces interval constraints on neural network parameter space to control forgetting. Contemporary Continual Learning (CL) methods focus on training neural networks efficiently from a stream of…

Continual learning (CL) aims to develop techniques by which a single model adapts to an increasing number of tasks encountered sequentially, thereby potentially leveraging learnings across tasks in a resource-efficient manner. A major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Rishabh Tiwari , Krishnateja Killamsetty , Rishabh Iyer , Pradeep Shenoy

Prompt-tuning methods for Continual Learning (CL) freeze a large pre-trained model and train a few parameter vectors termed prompts. Most of these methods organize these vectors in a pool of key-value pairs and use the input image as query…

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) happens whenever a neural network overwrites past knowledge while being trained on new tasks. Common techniques to handle CF include regularization of the weights (using, e.g., their importance on past tasks),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

Continual graph learning (CGL) is purposed to continuously update a graph model with graph data being fed in a streaming manner. Since the model easily forgets previously learned knowledge when training with new-coming data, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yilun Liu , Ruihong Qiu , Zi Huang