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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the ability of LLM-based systems to perform complex tasks through natural language processing and tool interaction. However, optimizing these LLM-based systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Peiyan Zhang , Haibo Jin , Leyang Hu , Xinnuo Li , Liying Kang , Man Luo , Yangqiu Song , Haohan Wang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have recently shown impressive capabilities in complex reasoning and tool use via multi-step interactions with their environments. While these agents have the potential to tackle complicated tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiaye Lin , Yifu Guo , Yuzhen Han , Sen Hu , Ziyi Ni , Licheng Wang , Mingguang Chen , Hongzhang Liu , Ronghao Chen , Yangfan He , Daxin Jiang , Binxing Jiao , Chen Hu , Huacan Wang

A common training approach for language models involves using a large-scale language model to expand a human-provided dataset, which is subsequently used for model training.This method significantly reduces training costs by eliminating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Minghang Zhu , Shen Gao , Zhengliang Shi , Jiabao Fang , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren , Zhumin Chen , Shuo Shang

Self-improvement is a significant techniques within the realm of large language model (LLM), aiming to enhance the LLM performance without relying on external data. Despite its significance, generally how LLM performances evolve during the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yifan Sun , Yushan Liang , Zhen Zhang , Xin Liu , Jiaye Teng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have created new opportunities to enhance performance on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging test-time computation. However, existing scaling methods have key limitations: parallel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Jiefeng Chen , Jie Ren , Xinyun Chen , Chengrun Yang , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Ö Arık

Software languages evolve over time for reasons such as feature additions. When grammars evolve, textual instances that originally conformed to them may become outdated. While model-driven engineering provides many techniques for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Weixing Zhang , Bowen Jiang , Yuhong Fu , Anne Koziolek , Regina Hebig , Daniel Strüber

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) is crucial not only for unlocking their potential in specific tasks but also for ensuring that responses meet human expectations and adhere to safety and ethical principles. Current alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ruijun Chen , Jiehao Liang , Shiping Gao , Fanqi Wan , Xiaojun Quan

Ensembling large language models (LLMs) can effectively combine diverse strengths of different models, offering a promising approach to enhance performance across various tasks. However, existing methods typically rely on fixed weighting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuqian Fu , Yuanheng Zhu , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Qichao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been achieving competent performance on a wide range of downstream tasks, yet existing work shows that inference on structured data is challenging for LLMs. This is because LLMs need to either understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen

Table processing, a key task in natural language processing, has significantly benefited from recent advancements in language models (LMs). However, the capabilities of LMs in table-to-text generation, which transforms structured data into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sahar Iravani , Tim . O . F Conrad

Improving context faithfulness in large language models is essential for developing trustworthy retrieval augmented generation systems and mitigating hallucinations, especially in long-form question answering (LFQA) tasks or scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kun Li , Tianhua Zhang , Yunxiang Li , Hongyin Luo , Abdalla Moustafa , Xixin Wu , James Glass , Helen Meng

Improving Large Language Model (LLM) agents for sequential decision-making tasks typically requires extensive task-specific knowledge engineering--custom prompts, curated examples, and specialized observation/action spaces. We investigate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Vishnu Sarukkai , Zhiqiang Xie , Kayvon Fatahalian

Learning by self-explanation is an effective learning technique in human learning, where students explain a learned topic to themselves for deepening their understanding of this topic. It is interesting to investigate whether this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Ramtin Hosseini , Pengtao Xie

This paper presents an evolutionary framework for the training of large language models(LLM). The models are divided into several experts(sub-networks), which have the same structure but different parameter values. Only one expert is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yingshi Chen

Self-improvement through post-training methods such as iterative preference learning has been acclaimed for enhancing the problem-solving capabilities (e.g., mathematical reasoning) of Large Language Models (LLMs) without human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Ting Wu , Xuefeng Li , Pengfei Liu

Progress in long-context reasoning for large language models (LLMs) has lagged behind other recent advances. This gap arises not only from the intrinsic difficulty of processing long texts, but also from the scarcity of reliable human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ziyi Yang , Weizhou Shen , Chenliang Li , Ruijun Chen , Fanqi Wan , Ming Yan , Xiaojun Quan , Fei Huang

Large language models (LLMs) deployed as agents solve user-specified tasks over multiple steps while keeping the required manual engagement to a minimum. Crucially, such LLMs need to ground their generations in any feedback obtained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jonas Gehring , Kunhao Zheng , Jade Copet , Vegard Mella , Quentin Carbonneaux , Taco Cohen , Gabriel Synnaeve

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to improve the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, applying RL to open-domain tasks faces two key challenges: (1) the inherent subjectivity of these tasks prevents the verifiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Weixuan Ou , Yanzhao Zheng , Shuoshuo Sun , Wei Zhang , Baohua Dong , Hangcheng Zhu , Ruohui Huang , Gang Yu , Pengwei Yan , Yifan Qiao

Self-training approach for large language models (LLMs) improves reasoning abilities by training the models on their self-generated rationales. Previous approaches have labeled rationales that produce correct answers for a given question as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Jaehyeok Lee , Keisuke Sakaguchi , JinYeong Bak

We introduce LADDER (Learning through Autonomous Difficulty-Driven Example Recursion), a framework which enables Large Language Models to autonomously improve their problem-solving capabilities through self-guided learning by recursively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Toby Simonds , Akira Yoshiyama