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We consider a constellation of low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites connected to a handheld device on the ground. Due to the very large orbital speed, an effective handover strategy becomes of paramount importance. In particular, we study the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Houcem Ben Salem , Alberto Tarable , Alessandro Nordio , Behrooz Makki

The direct-to-device (D2D) satellite network is an important 6G evolution direction to enable seamless ubiquitous connectivity. However, the network faces critical handover challenges due to high satellite mobility and wide beam footprints.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ye Li , Yi Zhou , Yingdong Hu , Zhe Ji , Jiaxi Zhou , Longyu Zhou , Yuchen Liu , Tony Q. S. Quek

The Internet is going through a massive infrastructural revolution with the advent of low-flying satellite networks, 5/6G, WiFi7, and hollow-core fiber deployments. While these networks could unleash enhanced connectivity and new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Shubham Tiwari , Saksham Bhushan , Aryan Taneja , Mohamed Kassem , Cheng Luo , Cong Zhou , Zhiyuan He , Aravindh Raman , Nishanth Sastry , Lili Qiu , Debopam Bhattacherjee

The rapid advancement of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems has significantly enhanced global connectivity, offering high-capacity, low-latency services crucial for next-generation applications. However, the dense…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Qianqian Zhang , Ye Hu , Minchae Jung

Space-ground integrated networks hold great promise for providing global connectivity, particularly in remote areas where large amounts of valuable data are generated by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, but lacking terrestrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jingyang Zhu , Yuanming Shi , Yong Zhou , Chunxiao Jiang , Linling Kuang

With its wide coverage and uninterrupted service, satellite communication is a critical technology for next-generation 6G communications. High throughput satellite (HTS) systems, utilizing multipoint beam and frequency multiplexing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Rui Chen , Wen-Xuan Long , Bing-Qian Wang , Yuan He , Rui-Jin Sun , Nan Cheng , Gan Zheng , Dusit Niyato

Direct-to-cell connectivity between satellites and common terrestrial handheld devices represents an essential feature of 6G. The industry is considering different type of constellations but using classical single satellite solutions based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 Diego Tuzi , Thomas Delamotte , Andreas Knopp

Multi orbit low earth orbit (LEO) satellites communication is envisioned as a key infrastructure to deliver global coverage, enabling future services from space air ground integrated networks.However, the optimized design of LEO which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Yingzhuo Sun , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao , Zhu Han , Octavia A. Dobre

5G NB-IoT is seen as a key technology for providing truly ubiquitous, global 5G coverage (1.000.000 devices/km2) for machine type communications in the internet of things. A non-terrestrial network (NTN) variant of NB-IoT is being…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-29 René Brandborg Sørensen , Henrik Krogh Møller , Per Koch

With the rapid expansion of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, thousands of satellites are now in operation, many equipped with onboard GNSS receivers capable of continuous orbit determination and time synchronization. This development…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Xing Liu , Xue Xian Zheng , José A. López-Salcedo , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Gonzalo Seco-Granados

High throughput satellites (HTS), with their digital payload technology, are expected to play a key role as enablers of the upcoming 6G networks. HTS are mainly designed to provide higher data rates and capacities. Fueled by technological…

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-assisted communications have been considered as one of key elements in beyond 5G systems to provide wide coverage and cost-efficient data services. Such dynamic space-terrestrial topologies impose exponential…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-14 Yaxiong Yuan , Lei lei , Thang X. Vu , Zheng Chang , Symeon Chatzinotas , Sumei Sun

This paper presents a novel transceiver design aimed at enabling Direct-to-Satellite Internet of Things (DtS-IoT) systems based on long range-frequency hopping spread spectrum (LR-FHSS). Our focus lies in developing an accurate transmission…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Sooyeob Jung , Seongah Jeong , Jinkyu Kang , Joon Gyu Ryu , Joonhyuk Kang

In satellite constellation-based communication systems, continuous user coverage requires frequent handoffs due to the dynamic topology induced by the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Each handoff between a satellite and ground users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yassine Afif , Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

One of the main drivers of 5G cellular networks is provision of connectivity service for various Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Considering the potential volume of IoT devices at a global scale, the next leap is to integrate…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Beatriz Soret , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Stefano Cioni , Petar Popovski

Modern satellites deployed in low Earth orbit (LEO) accommodate processing payloads that can be exploited for edge computing. Furthermore, by implementing inter-satellite links, the LEO satellites in a constellation can route the data…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-23 Marc Martinez-Gost , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Ana Pérez-Neira , Miguel Ángel Vázquez , Beatriz Soret , Marco Moretti

In recent years, there has been increasing investment in the deployment of massive commercial Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations to provide global Internet connectivity. These constellations, now equipped with inter-satellite links, can…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Miguel Rodríguez-Pérez , Sergio Herrería-Alonso , J. Carlos Lopez-Ardao , Andrés Suárez-González

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are rapidly gaining traction today. Although several real-world deployments exist, our preliminary analysis of LEO topology performance with the soon-to-be operational Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Wenyi Zhang , Zihan Xu , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

The number of satellites, especially those operating in low-earth orbit (LEO), is exploding in recent years. Additionally, the use of COTS hardware into those satellites enables a new paradigm of computing: orbital edge computing (OEC). OEC…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Changhao Wu , Yuanchun Li , Mengwei Xu , Chongbin Guo , Zengshan Yin , Weiwei Gao , Chuanxiu Chi

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have seen a surge in deployment over the past few years by virtue of their ability to provide broadband Internet access as well as to collect vast amounts of Earth observational data that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo