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In the realm of medical report generation (MRG), the integration of natural language processing has emerged as a vital tool to alleviate the workload of radiologists. Despite the impressive capabilities demonstrated by large vision language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Ruoqing Zhao , Runze Xia , Piji Li

We present MedHal, a novel large-scale dataset specifically designed to evaluate if models can detect hallucinations in medical texts. Current hallucination detection methods face significant limitations when applied to specialized domains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Gaya Mehenni , Fabrice Lamarche , Odette Rios-Ibacache , John Kildea , Amal Zouaq

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant potential in healthcare, particularly in disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Recent progress in Medical Large Vision-Language Models (Med-LVLMs) has opened up new possibilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Peng Xia , Kangyu Zhu , Haoran Li , Tianze Wang , Weijia Shi , Sheng Wang , Linjun Zhang , James Zou , Huaxiu Yao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used in clinical diagnostics, yet their robustness to adversarial attacks remains largely unexplored, posing serious risks. Existing medical attacks focus on secondary objectives such as model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Akash Ghosh , Subhadip Baidya , Sriparna Saha , Xiuying Chen

Black-box deep learning approaches have showcased significant potential in the realm of medical image analysis. However, the stringent trustworthiness requirements intrinsic to the medical field have catalyzed research into the utilization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yequan Bie , Luyang Luo , Hao Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate fluent and convincing responses, they are not necessarily correct. This is especially apparent in the popular decompose-then-verify factuality evaluation pipeline, where LLMs evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Heyuan Huang , Alexandra DeLucia , Vijay Murari Tiyyala , Mark Dredze

Reasoning is a critical frontier for advancing medical image analysis, where transparency and trustworthiness play a central role in both clinician trust and regulatory approval. Although Medical Visual Language Models (VLMs) show promise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jiazhen Pan , Che Liu , Junde Wu , Fenglin Liu , Jiayuan Zhu , Hongwei Bran Li , Chen Chen , Cheng Ouyang , Daniel Rueckert

Accurate medical diagnosis often involves progressive visual focusing and iterative reasoning, characteristics commonly observed in clinical workflows. While recent vision-language models demonstrate promising chain-of-thought (CoT)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Chunzheng Zhu , Yangfang Lin , Shen Chen , Yijun Wang , Jianxin Lin

Large Language Models exhibit strong reasoning and semantic understanding capabilities but often hallucinate in domains that require expert knowledge, among which fabrications, the generation of factually incorrect yet fluent statements,…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential for radiology report generation, yet their clinical translation is hindered by architectural heterogeneity and the prevalence of factual hallucinations. Standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kun Zhao , Siyuan Dai , Pan Wang , Jifeng Song , Hui Ji , Chenghua Lin , Liang Zhan , Haoteng Tang

In natural language processing applied to the clinical domain, utilizing large language models has emerged as a promising avenue for error detection and correction on clinical notes, a knowledge-intensive task for which annotated data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jean-Philippe Corbeil

Accurate and interpretable detection of AI-generated images is essential for mitigating risks associated with AI misuse. However, the substantial domain gap among generative models makes it challenging to develop a generalizable forgery…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yueying Gao , Dongliang Chang , Bingyao Yu , Haotian Qin , Muxi Diao , Lei Chen , Kongming Liang , Zhanyu Ma

Deepfake detection is a long-established research topic vital for mitigating the spread of malicious misinformation. Unlike prior methods that provide either binary classification results or textual explanations separately, we introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Xiao Guo , Xiufeng Song , Yue Zhang , Xiaohong Liu , Xiaoming Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in healthcare suffer from severe confirmation bias, often hallucinating visual details to support initial, potentially erroneous diagnostic hypotheses. Existing Chain-of-Thought (CoT) approaches lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhixiang Lu , Jionglong Su

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for image forgery detection and localization predominantly operate under a text-centric Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm. However, forcing these models to textually characterize imperceptible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Youqi Wang , Shen Chen , Haowei Wang , Rongxuan Peng , Taiping Yao , Shunquan Tan , Changsheng Chen , Bin Li , Shouhong Ding

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can generate convincing clinical narratives, yet frequently struggle to visually ground their statements. We posit this limitation arises from the scarcity of high-quality, large-scale clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mengmeng Zhang , Xiaoping Wu , Hao Luo , Fan Wang , Yisheng Lv

Healthcare decision-making represents one of the most challenging domains for Artificial Intelligence (AI), requiring the integration of diverse knowledge sources, complex reasoning, and various external analytical tools. Current AI systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yexiao He , Ang Li , Boyi Liu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance and rapid progress in a wide range of medical reasoning tasks. However, their sequential autoregressive decoding forces inherently parallel clinical reasoning, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jianwen Chen , Xinyu Yang , Peng Xia , Arian Azarang , Yueh Z Lee , Gang Li , Hongtu Zhu , Yun Li , Beidi Chen , Huaxiu Yao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly envisioned as decision-support tools in clinical practice, yet safe clinical reasoning demands integrating heterogeneous knowledge bases -- trials, primary studies, regulatory documents, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Shan Chen , Pedro Moreira , Yuxin Xiao , Sam Schmidgall , Jeremy Warner , Hugo Aerts , Thomas Hartvigsen , Jack Gallifant , Danielle S. Bitterman

Advances in generative models have led to AI-generated images visually indistinguishable from authentic ones. Despite numerous studies on detecting AI-generated images with classifiers, a gap persists between such methods and human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chuangchuang Tan , Jinglu Wang , Xiang Ming , Renshuai Tao , Yunchao Wei , Yao Zhao , Yan Lu