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We present a novel unsupervised approach for multilingual sentiment analysis driven by compositional syntax-based rules. On the one hand, we exploit some of the main advantages of unsupervised algorithms: (1) the interpretability of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-14 David Vilares , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez , Miguel A. Alonso

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with cross-lingual knowledge transfer: they hallucinate when asked in one language about facts expressed in a different language during training. This work introduces a controlled setting to study the…

LLM-as-a-Judge and reward models are widely used alternatives of multiple-choice questions or human annotators for large language model (LLM) evaluation. Their efficacy shines in evaluating long-form responses, serving a critical role as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Guijin Son , Hyunwoo Ko , Hoyoung Lee , Yewon Kim , Seunghyeok Hong

Recent generative large language models (LLMs) show remarkable performance in non-English languages, but when prompted in those languages they tend to express higher harmful social biases and toxicity levels. Prior work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

Recent studies have applied large language models (LLMs) to machine translation quality estimation (MTQE) by prompting models to assign numeric scores. Nonetheless, these direct scoring methods tend to show low segment-level correlation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hyang Cui

Recent advances in multilingual dependency parsing have brought the idea of a truly universal parser closer to reality. However, cross-language interference and restrained model capacity remain major obstacles. To address this, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Ahmet Üstün , Arianna Bisazza , Gosse Bouma , Gertjan van Noord

The evaluation of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on standardized benchmarks. These benchmarks provide useful aggregated metrics for a given capability, but those aggregated metrics can obscure (i) particular sub-areas where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Matyas Bohacek , Nino Scherrer , Nicholas Dufour , Thomas Leung , Christoph Bregler , Stephanie C. Y. Chan

We present the first comprehensive evaluation of cross-lingual unlearning in multilingual LLMs. Using translated TOFU benchmarks in seven language/script variants, we test major unlearning algorithms and show that most fail to remove facts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

Despite the remarkable coherence of Large Language Models (LLMs), existing evaluation methods often suffer from fluency bias and rely heavily on multiple-choice formats, making it difficult to assess factual accuracy and complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Raymond Bernard , Shaina Raza , Subhabrata Das , Rahul Murugan

High quality annotations are increasingly a bottleneck in the explosively growing machine learning ecosystem. Scalable evaluation methods that avoid costly annotation have therefore become an important research ambition. Many hope to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Florian E. Dorner , Vivian Y. Nastl , Moritz Hardt

Discourse understanding is essential for many NLP tasks, yet most existing work remains constrained by framework-dependent discourse representations. This work investigates whether large language models (LLMs) capture discourse knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Florian Eichin , Yang Janet Liu , Barbara Plank , Michael A. Hedderich

Long-context language models now advertise context windows up to millions of tokens, yet evaluations typically report a single length or a narrow task family, masking two failure modes: performance can collapse as length grows, and strong…

Evaluating the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task, particularly when aiming to avoid subjective assessments. This paper proposes a framework for leveraging subjective metrics derived from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Haoze Du , Richard Li , Edward Gehringer

Large language models (LLMs) often fail to meet the pedagogical needs of K-12 English learners in non-native contexts due to a proficiency mismatch. To address this widespread challenge, we introduce a proficiency-aligned framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Haidong Yuan , Haokun Zhao , Wanshi Xu , Songjun Cao , Qingyu Zhou , Long Ma , Hongjie Fan

State-of-the-art natural language processing systems rely on supervision in the form of annotated data to learn competent models. These models are generally trained on data in a single language (usually English), and cannot be directly used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Alexis Conneau , Guillaume Lample , Ruty Rinott , Adina Williams , Samuel R. Bowman , Holger Schwenk , Veselin Stoyanov

Sentence representations can capture a wide range of information that cannot be captured by local features based on character or word N-grams. This paper examines the usefulness of universal sentence representations for evaluating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Hiroki Shimanaka , Tomoyuki Kajiwara , Mamoru Komachi

Cross-lingual transfer is an effective way to build syntactic analysis tools in low-resource languages. However, transfer is difficult when transferring to typologically distant languages, especially when neither annotated target data nor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Junxian He , Zhisong Zhang , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Graham Neubig

Assessment and evaluation have long been critical challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP). Traditional methods, usually matching-based or small model-based, often fall short in open-ended and dynamic…

Understanding the internal functional organization of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for improving their trustworthiness and performance. However, how LLMs organize different functions into modules remains highly unexplored. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yanke Yu , Jin Li , Ying Sun , Ping Li , Zhefeng Wang , Yi Zheng

Automated interpretability systems aim to reduce the need for human labor and scale analysis to increasingly large models and diverse tasks. Recent efforts toward this goal leverage large language models (LLMs) at increasing levels of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Tal Haklay , Nikhil Prakash , Sana Pandey , Antonio Torralba , Aaron Mueller , Jacob Andreas , Tamar Rott Shaham , Yonatan Belinkov