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Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have achieved impressive results, yet existing models often struggle with simple or underspecified prompts, leading to suboptimal image-text alignment, aesthetics, and quality. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ruibo Chen , Jiacheng Pan , Heng Huang , Zhenheng Yang

Generative AI has significantly changed industries by enabling text-driven image generation, yet challenges remain in achieving high-resolution outputs that align with fine-grained user preferences. Consequently, multi-round interactions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Kun Li , Jianhui Wang , Yangfan He , Xinyuan Song , Ruoyu Wang , Hongyang He , Wenxin Zhang , Jiaqi Chen , Keqin Li , Sida Li , Miao Zhang , Tianyu Shi , Xueqian Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities but suffer from cognitive inefficiencies like "overthinking" simple problems and "underthinking" complex ones. While existing methods that use supervised fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tian Liang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhiwei He , Jiahao Xu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Despite the promising performance of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) in visual understanding, they occasionally generate incorrect outputs. While reward models (RMs) with reinforcement learning or test-time scaling offer the potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yuhang Zang , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Yuhang Cao , Ziyu Liu , Shengyuan Ding , Shenxi Wu , Yubo Ma , Haodong Duan , Wenwei Zhang , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Despite impressive recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models, obtaining high-quality images often requires prompt engineering by humans who have developed expertise in using them. In this work, we present NeuroPrompts, an adaptive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

Prompt optimization improves the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) without requiring parameter updates to the target model. Following heuristic-based "Think step by step" approaches, the field has evolved in two main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Andreea Nica , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Mario Baldwin , Saibo Geng , Robert West

Text-to-video (T2V) generative models have advanced significantly, yet their ability to compose different objects, attributes, actions, and motions into a video remains unexplored. Previous text-to-video benchmarks also neglect this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Kaiyue Sun , Kaiyi Huang , Xian Liu , Yue Wu , Zihan Xu , Zhenguo Li , Xihui Liu

Recent progress in text-to-image generation has greatly advanced visual fidelity and creativity, but it has also imposed higher demands on prompt complexity-particularly in encoding intricate spatial relationships. In such cases, achieving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhenyu Tang , Chaoran Feng , Yufan Deng , Jie Wu , Xiaojie Li , Rui Wang , Yunpeng Chen , Daquan Zhou

In this paper, we study the problem of multi-reward reinforcement learning to jointly optimize for multiple text qualities for natural language generation. We focus on the task of counselor reflection generation, where we optimize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Do June Min , Veronica Perez-Rosas , Kenneth Resnicow , Rada Mihalcea

Although recent text-to-image generative models have achieved impressive performance, they still often struggle with capturing the compositional complexities of prompts including attribute binding, and spatial relationships between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Seyed Mohammad Hadi Hosseini , Amir Mohammad Izadi , Ali Abdollahi , Armin Saghafian , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

The reward model has become increasingly important in alignment, assessment, and data construction for large language models (LLMs). Most existing researchers focus on enhancing reward models through data improvements, following the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Shujun Liu , Xiaoyu Shen , Yuhang Lai , Siyuan Wang , Shengbin Yue , Zengfeng Huang , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Creativity is a complex phenomenon. When it comes to representing and assessing creativity, treating it as a single undifferentiated quantity would appear naive and underwhelming. In this work, we learn the \emph{first type-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jiyeon Han , Ali Mahdavi-Amiri , Hao Zhang , Haedong Jeong

Reward-model-based fine-tuning is a central paradigm in aligning Large Language Models with human preferences. However, such approaches critically rely on the assumption that proxy reward models accurately reflect intended supervision, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zixuan Liu , Siavash H. Khajavi , Guangkai Jiang , Xinru Liu

Unconditional scene inference and generation are challenging to learn jointly with a single compositional model. Despite encouraging progress on models that extract object-centric representations (''slots'') from images, unconditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Patrick Emami , Pan He , Sanjay Ranka , Anand Rangarajan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has improved guided image generation with diffusion models by directly optimizing rewards that capture image quality, aesthetics, and instruction following capabilities. However, the resulting generative policies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Owen Oertell , Jonathan D. Chang , Yiyi Zhang , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

This study presents a generative optimization framework that builds on a fine-tuned diffusion model and reward-directed sampling to generate high-performance engineering designs. The framework adopts a parametric representation of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hadi Keramati , Patrick Kirchen , Mohammed Hannan , Rajeev K. Jaiman

The quality of the prompts provided to text-to-image diffusion models determines how faithful the generated content is to the user's intent, often requiring `prompt engineering'. To harness visual concepts from target images without prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Shweta Mahajan , Tanzila Rahman , Kwang Moo Yi , Leonid Sigal

We present CRM (Multi-Agent Collaborative Reward Model), a framework that replaces a single black-box reward model with a coordinated team of specialist evaluators to improve robustness and interpretability in RLHF. Conventional reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Pei Yang , Ke Zhang , Ji Wang , Xiao Chen , Yuxin Tang , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Bill Shi

Reward modeling in large language models is susceptible to reward hacking, causing models to latch onto superficial features such as the tendency to generate lists or unnecessarily long responses. In reinforcement learning from human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Taneesh Gupta , Shivam Shandilya , Xuchao Zhang , Rahul Madhavan , Supriyo Ghosh , Chetan Bansal , Huaxiu Yao , Saravan Rajmohan

Advancements in prompt tuning of vision-language models have underscored their potential in enhancing open-world visual concept comprehension. However, prior works only primarily focus on single-mode (only one prompt for each modality) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Dongsheng Wang , Miaoge Li , Xinyang Liu , MingSheng Xu , Bo Chen , Hanwang Zhang