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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factual grounding of Large Language Models by conditioning their outputs on external documents. However, standard embedding-based retrievers treat naturally structured corpora, such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giorgia Bolognesi , Claudio Estatico , Ulderico Fugacci , Isabella Mastroianni , Claudio Muselli , Luca Oneto

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems empower large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, yet struggle with efficiency-accuracy trade-offs when scaling to large knowledge graphs. Existing approaches often rely on monolithic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ruiyi Yang , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Shirui Pan , Hakim Hacid , Flora D. Salim

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant performance gaps when applied to technical domains requiring precise information extraction from complex documents. Current evaluation methodologies relying on document-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil , Shashank Kumar

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a transformative approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in external knowledge sources. Yet, a critical question persists: how can vast volumes of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Carlo Merola , Jaspinder Singh

Modern NLP tasks increasingly rely on dense retrieval methods to access up-to-date and relevant contextual information. We are motivated by the premise that retrieval benefits from segments that can vary in size such that a content's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 André V. Duarte , João Marques , Miguel Graça , Miguel Freire , Lei Li , Arlindo L. Oliveira

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is one of the leading and most widely used techniques for enhancing LLM retrieval capabilities, but it still faces significant limitations in commercial use cases. RAG primarily relies on the query-chunk…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by dynamically integrating external knowledge, thereby mitigating hallucinations and strengthening contextual grounding for structured data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sen Zhao , Lincheng Zhou , Yue Chen , Ding Zou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to extend their existing knowledge by dynamically incorporating external information. However, practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by the LLM's finite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarui Guo , Yuemeng Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yangyujia Wang , Xiaolin Wang , Kan Liu , Tao Lan , Lin Qu , Tong Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are increasingly vital for navigating the ever-expanding body of scientific literature, particularly in high-stakes domains such as chemistry. Despite the promise of RAG, foundational design…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mahmoud Amiri , Thomas Bocklitz

Frontier language models have demonstrated strong reasoning and long-horizon tool-use capabilities. However, existing RAG systems fail to leverage these capabilities. They still rely on two paradigms: (1) designing an algorithm that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mingxuan Du , Benfeng Xu , Chiwei Zhu , Shaohan Wang , Pengyu Wang , Xiaorui Wang , Zhendong Mao

As an effective method to boost the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the question answering (QA) task, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which queries highly relevant information from external complex documents, has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shu Wang , Yingli Zhou , Yixiang Fang

Chunking quality determines RAG system performance. Current methods partition documents individually, but complex queries need information scattered across multiple sources: the knowledge fragmentation problem. We introduce Cross-Document…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Mile Stankovic

RAG-based QA has emerged as a powerful method for processing long industrial documents. However, conventional text chunking approaches often neglect complex and long industrial document structures, causing information loss and reduced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Joongmin Shin , Chanjun Park , Jeongbae Park , Jaehyung Seo , Heuiseok Lim

The performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in information retrieval is significantly influenced by the characteristics of the documents being processed. In this study, the structured nature of textbooks, the conciseness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Esmaeil Narimissa , David Raithel

RAG pipelines typically rely on fixed-size chunking, which ignores document structure, fragments semantic units across boundaries, and requires multiple LLM calls per chunk for metadata extraction. We present MDKeyChunker, a three-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Bhavik Mangla

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems lose retrieval accuracy when similar documents coexist in the vector database, causing unnecessary information, hallucinations, and factual errors. To alleviate this issue, we propose CHOP, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hyunseok Park , Jihyeon Kim , Jongeun Kim , Dongsik Yoon

The surge in scientific publications challenges traditional review methods, demanding tools that integrate structured metadata with full-text analysis. Hybrid Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, combining graph queries with vector…

We study how document chunking choices impact the reliability of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in industry. While practice often relies on heuristics, our end-to-end evaluation on Natural Questions systematically varies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sofia Bennani , Charles Moslonka

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves factual grounding, yet most systems rely on flat chunk retrieval and provide limited control over multi-step synthesis. We propose an Explainable Innovation Engine that upgrades the knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Renwei Meng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos