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While autonomous software engineering (SWE) agents are reshaping programming paradigms, they currently suffer from a "closed-world" limitation: they attempt to fix bugs from scratch or solely using local context, ignoring the immense…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have achieved rapid adoption and demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of applications. To improve reasoning and task execution, modern LLM agents would incorporate memory modules or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xingyu Lyu , Jianfeng He , Ning Wang , Yidan Hu , Tao Li , Danjue Chen , Shixiong Li , Yimin Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning tasks. Currently, mainstream LLM reasoning frameworks predominantly focus on scaling up inference-time sampling to enhance performance. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hongduan Tian , Xiao Feng , Ziyuan Zhao , Xiangyu Zhu , Rolan Yan , Bo Han

This paper introduces RAISE (Reasoning and Acting through Scratchpad and Examples), an advanced architecture enhancing the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 into conversational agents. RAISE, an enhancement of the ReAct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Na Liu , Liangyu Chen , Xiaoyu Tian , Wei Zou , Kaijiang Chen , Ming Cui

Long-horizon dialogue systems suffer from semanticdrift and unstable memory retention across extended sessions. This paper presents a Multi-Layer Memory Framework that decomposes dialogue history into working, episodic, and semantic layers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Sunil Tiwari , Payal Fofadiya

Personalized and continuous interactions are critical for LLM-based conversational agents, yet finite context windows and static parametric memory hinder the modeling of long-term, cross-session user states. Existing approaches, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ao Tian , Yunfeng Lu , Xinxin Fan , Changhao Wang , Lanzhi Zhou , Yeyao Zhang , Yanfang Liu

Existing agent memory systems universally follow what we term a Memory-as-Tool paradigm where a single query triggers one-shot retrieval of flat passage lists, suffering from passive invocation, reasoning-retrieval decoupling, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zihan Li , Xingyu Fan , Feifei Li , Wenhui Que

Memory serves as the pivotal nexus bridging past and future, providing both humans and AI systems with invaluable concepts and experience to navigate complex tasks. Recent research on autonomous agents has increasingly focused on designing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiafeng Liang , Hao Li , Chang Li , Jiaqi Zhou , Shixin Jiang , Zekun Wang , Changkai Ji , Zhihao Zhu , Runxuan Liu , Tao Ren , Jinlan Fu , See-Kiong Ng , Xia Liang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Learning and memory are intertwined in our brain and their relationship is at the core of several recent neural network models. In particular, the Attention-Gated MEmory Tagging model (AuGMEnT) is a reinforcement learning network with an…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-02-19 Marco Martinolli , Wulfram Gerstner , Aditya Gilra

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has traditionally focused on training specialized agents to optimize predefined reward functions within narrowly defined environments. However, the advent of powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Fangming Cui , Ruixiao Zhu , Cheng Fang , Sunan Li , Jiahong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with structural ambiguity in optimization problems, where a single problem admits multiple related but conflicting modeling paradigms, hindering effective solution generation. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xinyu Zhang , Yuchen Wan , Boxuan Zhang , Zesheng Yang , Lingling Zhang , Bifan Wei , Jun Liu

Agent memory systems must accommodate continuously growing information while supporting efficient, context-aware retrieval for downstream tasks. Abstraction is essential for scaling agent memory, yet it often comes at the cost of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Menglin Xia , Xuchao Zhang , Shantanu Dixit , Paramaguru Harimurugan , Rujia Wang , Victor Ruhle , Robert Sim , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly built less by changing model weights than by reorganizing the runtime around them. Capabilities that earlier systems expected the model to recover internally are now externalized into…

Large language models (LLMs) face inherent limitations in memory, including restricted context windows, long-term knowledge forgetting, redundant information accumulation, and hallucination generation. These issues severely constrain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Deliang Wen , Ke Sun

Current approaches to memory in Large Language Models (LLMs) predominantly rely on static Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which often results in scattered retrieval and fails to capture the structural dependencies required for complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhengxuan Lu , Dongfang Li , Yukun Shi , Beilun Wang , Longyue Wang , Baotian Hu

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process underlying inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities in closed-world settings, they struggle in open-ended and…

LLM-based conversational AI agents struggle to maintain coherent behavior over long horizons due to limited context. While RAG-based approaches are increasingly adopted to overcome this limitation by storing interactions in external memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jiazhou Liang , Armin Toroghi , Yifan Simon Liu , Faeze Moradi Kalarde , Liam Gallagher , Scott Sanner

Incident response (IR) requires fast, coordinated, and well-informed decision-making to contain and mitigate cyber threats. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise as autonomous agents in simulated IR settings, their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zefang Liu , Arman Anwar

Large Language Models face significant challenges in maintaining coherent interactions over extended dialogues due to their limited contextual memory. This limitation often leads to fragmented exchanges and reduced relevance in responses,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Haseeb Ullah Khan Shinwari , Muhammad Usama

Large Language Models (LLMs) are constrained by their inability to process lengthy inputs, resulting in the loss of critical historical information. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose the Self-Controlled Memory (SCM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bing Wang , Xinnian Liang , Jian Yang , Hui Huang , Shuangzhi Wu , Peihao Wu , Lu Lu , Zejun Ma , Zhoujun Li
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