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Variability studies hold information on otherwise unresolvable regions in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Population studies of large samples likewise have been very productive for our understanding of AGN. These two themes are coming…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-31 Andy Lawrence

We present a photometric search for objects with point-source components that are optically variable on timescales of weeks--months in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) to i'(AB)=28.0 mag. The data are split into four sub-stacks of…

As wide-field optical surveys such as Vera Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) begin operations, time-domain astronomy is facing a data revolution, paving the road for new, expanded variability studies. This work…

Variability is a property shared by virtually all active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and was adopted as a criterion for their selection using data from multi epoch surveys. Low Luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs) are contaminated by the light of their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Trevese , K. Boutsia , F. Vagnetti , E. Cappellaro , S. Puccetti

The evolutionary role of the so-called ``changing-look'' (CL) active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is characterized by spectral-type transitions within $\sim10$ yr, has been suggested in the past few years. By focusing on CL-AGNs having…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-24 J. Wang , S. Jin , D. W. Xu , WeiKang Zheng , Thomas G. Brink , S. Komossa , 1 Alexei V. Filippenko , J. Y. Wei

AGN variability offers a direct probe of accretion physics, disk structure, and black hole growth, but progress has been limited by sample size, cadence heterogeneity, and photometric systematics. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey…

We perform long-term ($\approx 15$ yr, observed-frame) X-ray variability analyses of the 68 brightest radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the 6 Ms $Chandra$ Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey; the majority are in the redshift range of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-09 G. Yang , W. Brandt , B. Luo , Y. Xue , F. Bauer , M. Sun , S. Kim , S. Schulze , X. Zheng , M. Paolillo , O. Shemmer , T. Liu , D. Schneider , C. Vignali , F. Vito , J. -X. Wang

Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CLAGNs) are known to change their spectral type between 1 and 2 (changing-state) or change their absorption between Compton-thick and Compton-thin (changing-obscuration) on timescales of years or less.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-17 Bing Lyu , Zhen Yan , Xue-bing Wu , Qingwen Wu , Wenfei Yu , Hao Liu

Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL AGNs) show large changes in luminosity and optical spectral state on time-scales of a few years, and provide a valuable probe of time-dependent accretion in the disc-BLR-torus system. We present a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-19 Yu Tao , Jie Tang , Xuan Wei

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are highly energetic astrophysical sources powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes in galaxies, which present unique observational signatures covering the full electromagnetic spectrum (and more) over…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-05 Stefano Bianchi , Vincenzo Mainieri , Paolo Padovani

In recent years deep X-ray and infrared surveys have provided an efficient way to find accreting supermassive black holes, otherwise known as active galactic nuclei (AGN), in the young universe. Such surveys can, unlike optical surveys,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-12-10 C. Megan Urry , E. Treister

The phenomenon of changing-look (CL) behavior in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is characterized by dramatic changes in luminosity and/or emission line profiles over relatively short periods, ranging from months to years. The origin of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-19 Yihan Wang , Matthew J. Graham , K. E. Saavik Ford , Barry McKernan , Taeho Ryu , Daniel Stern

We present a thorough study of the Changing-Look Active Galactic Nucleus (CL-AGN) Mrk 1018, utilizing an extensive dataset spanning optical, UV, and X-ray spectro-photometric data from 2005 to 2019. We analysed X-ray spectra and broad-band…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-14 S. Veronese , C. Vignali , P. Severgnini , G. A. Matzeu , M. Cignoni

Changing-look transitions challenge our understanding of active galactic nuclei (AGN), exhibiting dramatic changes in broad-line emission and continuum flux on timescales of months to years. We present a detailed study of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-10 Joel Carpenter , Sandra Raimundo , Charlotte Angus , Katie Auchettl

Multi-wavelength observations of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) often reveal various time scales of variability. Among these phenomena, "changing-look AGNs" are extreme cases where broad emission lines become faint/bright or even…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-25 Keiichi Wada , Yuki Kudoh , Tohru Nagao

Graham et al. found a sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) that have long-term periodic variations in optical continuum, the nature of the periodicity remains uncertain. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-04-20 Kai-Xing Lu , Yan-Rong Li , Shao-Lan Bi , Jian-Min Wang

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are a promising source for high-energy astrophysical neutrinos (HEANs). By the end of 2022, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (VRO) will begin to observe $\gtrsim10$ million AGN with a regular and high cadence.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-13 Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski , Marc Kamionkowski , Bei Zhou

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are believed to be powered by accretion of matter onto a supermassive black hole. A fundamental ingredient in shaping our understanding of AGN is their variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-08 Maurizio Paolillo , Iossif Papadakis

Optical changing-look Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are a class of sources that change type within a short timescale of years or decades. This change is characterised by the appearance or disappearance of broad emission lines, often…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-10 S. I. Raimundo , M. Vestergaard , J. Y. Koay , D. Lawther , V. Casasola , B. M. Peterson

The discovery of changing-look active galactic nuclei (CLAGNs) with the significant change of optical broad emission lines (optical CLAGNs) and/or strong variation of line-of-sight column densities (X-ray CLAGNs) challenges the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-30 Lyu Bing , Wu Qingwen , Yan Zhen , Yu Wenfei , Liu Hao