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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the workhorse tool for dimensionality reduction in this era of big data. While often overlooked, the purpose of PCA is not only to reduce data dimensionality, but also to yield features that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimension reduction and multivariate statistical techniques. From a probabilistic perspective, PCA seeks a low-dimensional representation of data in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Chihao Zhang , Kuo Gai , Shihua Zhang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful and popular dimensionality reduction technique. However, due to its linear nature, it often fails to capture the complex underlying structure of real-world data. While Kernel PCA (kPCA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Thomas Uriot , Elise Chung

The relaxation in the calculus of variation motivates the numerical analysis of a class of degenerate convex minimization problems with non-strictly convex energy densities with some convexity control and two-sided $p$-growth. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-03 C. Carstensen , N. T. Tran

We study principal components regression (PCR) in an asymptotic high-dimensional regression setting, where the number of data points is proportional to the dimension. We derive exact limiting formulas for the estimation and prediction…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Alden Green , Elad Romanov

Principal components analysis (PCA) is the optimal linear auto-encoder of data, and it is often used to construct features. Enforcing sparsity on the principal components can promote better generalization, while improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-25 Malik Magdon-Ismail , Christos Boutsidis

Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a widely used technique for recovering low-rank structure from matrices with missing entries and sparse, possibly large-magnitude corruptions. Although numerous algorithms achieve accurate point…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Liangliang Yuan , Lei Wang , Quan Kong , Liuhua Peng

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most important unsupervised methods to handle high-dimensional data. However, due to the high computational complexity of its eigen decomposition solution, it hard to apply PCA to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Feiping Nie , Heng Huang

A general framework for principal component analysis (PCA) in the presence of heteroskedastic noise is introduced. We propose an algorithm called HeteroPCA, which involves iteratively imputing the diagonal entries of the sample covariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Anru R. Zhang , T. Tony Cai , Yihong Wu

This paper proposes a new method and algorithm for predicting multivariate responses in a regression setting. Research into classification of High Dimension Low Sample Size (HDLSS) data, in particular microarray data, has made considerable…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-07-28 Inge Koch , Kanta Naito

This paper fortifies the recently introduced hierarchical-optimization recursive least squares (HO-RLS) against outliers which contaminate infrequently linear-regression models. Outliers are modeled as nuisance variables and are estimated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Konstantinos Slavakis , Sinjini Banerjee

We introduce a novel algorithm that computes the $k$-sparse principal component of a positive semidefinite matrix $A$. Our algorithm is combinatorial and operates by examining a discrete set of special vectors lying in a low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-09 Dimitris S. Papailiopoulos , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Stavros Korokythakis

Traditional principal component analysis (PCA) is well known in high-dimensional data analysis, but it requires to express data by a matrix with observations to be continuous. To overcome the limitations, a new method called flexible PCA…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-17 Tonglin Zhang , Baijian Yang , Qianqian Song , Jing Su

This paper introduces HALLaR, a new first-order method for solving large-scale semidefinite programs (SDPs) with bounded domain. HALLaR is an inexact augmented Lagrangian (AL) method where the AL subproblems are solved by a novel hybrid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Renato D. C. Monteiro , Arnesh Sujanani , Diego Cifuentes

Reduced-rank regression estimates regression coefficients by imposing a low-rank constraint on the matrix of regression coefficients, thereby accounting for correlations among response variables. To further improve predictive accuracy and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-14 Kanji Goto , Shintaro Yuki , Kensuke Tanioka , Hiroshi Yadohisa

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to analyze high-dimensional data, but it is very sensitive to outliers. Robust PCA methods seek fits that are unaffected by the outliers and can therefore be trusted to reveal them. FastHCS…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-25 E. Schmitt , K. Vakili

We consider the adaptive Lasso estimator with componentwise tuning in the framework of a low-dimensional linear regression model. In our setting, at least one of the components is penalized at the rate of consistent model selection and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Nicolai Amann , Ulrike Schneider

We develop asymptotic theory for principal component analysis (PCA) of a high-dimensional factor model in which the working dimension $R$ is fixed and only required to satisfy $R \ge r$, where $r$ is the true number of factors. Building on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Yuan Liao , Xin Tong , Wanjie Wang , Dacheng Xiu

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a standard tool for identifying good low-dimensional approximations to data in high dimension. Many data sets of interest contain private or sensitive information about individuals. Algorithms which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-08-09 Kamalika Chaudhuri , Anand D. Sarwate , Kaushik Sinha

We present a new method for high-dimensional linear regression when a scale parameter of the additive errors is unknown. The proposed estimator is based on a penalized Huber $M$-estimator, for which theoretical results on estimation error…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-07 Po-Ling Loh