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We introduce a taxonomy of interaction types and show that graphs are focal hypergraphs: every graph is canonically a focal hypergraph via its closed neighbourhood structure, and every graph dynamical model is a special case of the general…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-05 Elkaïoum M. Moutuou

Generative network models play an important role in algorithm development, scaling studies, network analysis, and realistic system benchmarks for graph data sets. A complex network model gaining considerable popularity builds random…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-12 Moritz von Looz , Henning Meyerhenke

Large real-life complex networks are often modeled by various random graph constructions and hundreds of further references therein. In many cases it is not at all clear how the modeling strength of differently generated random graph model…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-01 András Faragó , Rupei Xu

Learning unbiased node representations for imbalanced samples in the graph has become a more remarkable and important topic. For the graph, a significant challenge is that the topological properties of the nodes (e.g., locations, roles) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Xingcheng Fu , Yuecen Wei , Qingyun Sun , Haonan Yuan , Jia Wu , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li

Many real-world networks describe systems in which interactions decay with the distance between nodes. Examples include systems constrained in real space such as transportation and communication networks, as well as systems constrained in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Shalev Itzkovitz , Uri Alon

This chapter provides a comprehensive and self-contained discussion of the most recent developments of information theory of networks. Maximum entropy models of networks are the least biased ensembles enforcing a set of constraints and are…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-06-14 Ginestra Bianconi

A graph theoretic perspective is taken for a range of phenomena in continuum physics in order to develop representations for analysis of large scale, high-fidelity solutions to these problems. Of interest are phenomena described by partial…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 R. Banerjee , K. Sagiyama , G. H. Teichert , K. Garikipati

Graph mining to extract interesting components has been studied in various guises, e.g., communities, dense subgraphs, cliques. However, most existing works are based on notions of frequency and connectivity and do not capture subjective…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-08-15 Hao Wu , Maoyuan Sun , Jilles Vreeken , Nikolaj Tatti , Chris North , Naren Ramakrishnan

We consider a Gaussian statistical model whose parameter space is given by the variances of random variables. Underlying this model we identify networks by interpreting random variables as sitting on vertices and their correlations as…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Domenico Felice , Stefano Mancini , Marco Pettini

We consider general Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) where the sufficient statistics are functions of homomorphism counts for a fixed collection of simple graphs $F_k$. Whereas previous work has shown a degeneracy phenomenon in dense…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-04 Nicholas A. Cook , Amir Dembo

Hyperbolic spaces, which have the capacity to embed tree structures without distortion owing to their exponential volume growth, have recently been applied to machine learning to better capture the hierarchical nature of data. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Ryohei Shimizu , Yusuke Mukuta , Tatsuya Harada

Undirected hyperbolic graph models have been extensively used as models of scale-free small-world networks with high clustering coefficient. Here we presented a simple directed hyperbolic model, where nodes randomly distributed on a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-28 I. A. Kasyanov , P. van der Hoorn , D. Krioukov , M. V. Tamm

We analyse the performance of simple distributed colouring algorithms under the assumption that the input graph is a hyperbolic random graph (HRG), a generative model capturing key properties of real-world networks such as power-law degree…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yannic Maus , Janosch Ruff

A book Chapter consisting of some of the main areas of research in graph theory applied to physics. It includes graphs in condensed matter theory, such as the tight-binding and the Hubbard model. It follows the study of graph theory and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-06-19 Ernesto Estrada

In physics, biology and engineering, network systems abound. How does the connectivity of a network system combine with the behavior of its individual components to determine its collective function? We approach this question for networks…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-12-19 Yu Hu , Steven L. Brunton , Nicholas Cain , Stefan Mihalas , J. Nathan Kutz , Eric Shea-Brown

Many real-world complex systems, such as epidemic spreading networks and ecosystems, can be modeled as networked dynamical systems that produce multivariate time series. Learning the intrinsic dynamics from observational data is pivotal for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yanna Ding , Zijie Huang , Malik Magdon-Ismail , Jianxi Gao

Predicting missing links in complex networks requires algorithms that are able to explore statistical regularities in the existing data. Here we investigate the interplay between algorithm efficiency and network structures through the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Alexey Vlaskin , Eduardo G. Altmann

Many physical systems--from mechanical lattices and electrical circuits to biological tissues and architected metamaterials--can be understood as networks transmitting physical quantities. We present a unified mathematical framework for…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-07 José M. Ortiz-Tavárez , William Stephenson , Xiaoming Mao

Exponential random graph models have attracted significant research attention over the past decades. These models are maximum-entropy ensembles under the constraints that the expected values of a set of graph observables are equal to given…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-30 Konstantin Zuev , Or Eisenberg , Dmitri Krioukov

Algebraic statistics is a recently evolving field, where one would treat statistical models as algebraic objects and thereby use tools from computational commutative algebra and algebraic geometry in the analysis and computation of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Ambedkar Dukkipati