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Safety-critical designs need to ensure reliable operations under hostile conditions with a certain degree of confidence. The continuously higher complexity of these designs makes them more susceptible to the risk of failure. ISO26262…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Endri Kaja , Nicolas Gerlin , Luis Rivas , Monideep Bora , Keerthikumara Devarajegowda , Wolfgang Ecker

Tool-using language agents turn model decisions into external side effects: they read files, run scripts, call APIs, send messages, and invoke Model Context Protocol tools. This makes agent attacks different from jailbreaks. The harmful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Suliu Qin , Haomin Zhuang , Yujun Zhou , Yufei Han , Xiangliang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in specialized production data processing pipelines across diverse domains -- such as finance, marketing, and e-commerce. However, when running them in production across many inputs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Reya Vir , Shreya Shankar , Harrison Chase , Will Fu-Hinthorn , Aditya Parameswaran

LLM agents increasingly act on external systems, yet tool effects are immediate. Under failures, speculation, or contention, losing branches can leak unintended side effects with no safe rollback. We introduce Atomix, a runtime that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Bardia Mohammadi , Nearchos Potamitis , Lars Klein , Akhil Arora , Laurent Bindschaedler

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, ensuring their safety, robustness, and privacy compliance has become critical. We present OpenGuardrails, the first fully open-source platform that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Thomas Wang , Haowen Li

LLM-based agents are becoming increasingly capable, yet their safety lags behind. This creates a gap between what agents can do and should do. This gap widens as agents engage in multi-turn interactions and employ diverse tools, introducing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xu Li , Simon Yu , Minzhou Pan , Yiyou Sun , Bo Li , Dawn Song , Xue Lin , Weiyan Shi

The extensive use of distributed vehicle platoon controllers has resulted in several benefits for transportation systems, such as increased traffic flow, fuel efficiency, and decreased pollution. The rising reliance on interconnected…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-11 Tashfique Hasnine Choudhury

Recent years have witnessed impressive robotic manipulation systems driven by advances in imitation learning and generative modeling, such as diffusion- and flow-based approaches. As robot policy performance increases, so does the…

The tool-use ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has a profound impact on a wide range of industrial applications. However, LLMs' self-control and calibration capability in appropriately using tools remains understudied. The problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuanhao Shen , Xiaodan Zhu , Lei Chen

Agentic security systems increasingly combine LLM planners with tools that can discover, validate, and report vulnerabilities. This creates an asymmetric control problem: the system should retain strong offensive capability inside an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Isaac David , Marco Guarnieri , Arthur Gervais

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled their deployment as autonomous agents for handling complex tasks in dynamic environments. These LLMs demonstrate strong problem-solving capabilities and adaptability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Weidi Luo , Shenghong Dai , Xiaogeng Liu , Suman Banerjee , Huan Sun , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

Reasoning over heterogeneous artifacts (PDFs, spreadsheets, slide decks, etc.) increasingly occurs within structured agent workflows that iteratively extract, transform, and reference external information. In these workflows, uncertainty is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Anna Mazhar , Huzaifa Suri , Sainyam Galhotra

Sequential multi-agent systems built with large language models (LLMs) can automate complex software tasks, but they are hard to trust because errors quietly pass from one stage to the next. We study a traceable and accountable pipeline,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Amine Barrak

The emergence of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents capable of tool usage has introduced new safety risks that go beyond traditional conversational misuse. These agents, empowered to execute external functions, are vulnerable to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Zeyang Sha , Hanling Tian , Zhuoer Xu , Shiwen Cui , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang

Fine-tuning a general-purpose large language model (LLM) for a specific domain or task has become a routine procedure for ordinary users. However, fine-tuning is known to remove the safety alignment features of the model, even when the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kathleen C. Fraser , Hillary Dawkins , Isar Nejadgholi , Svetlana Kiritchenko

The NPM ecosystem has become a primary target for software supply chain attacks, yet existing detection tools are evaluated in isolation on incompatible datasets, making cross-tool comparison unreliable. We conduct a benchmark-driven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenbo Guo , Zhongwen Chen , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Shiwen Song , Chengyue Liu , Yijia Xu , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu

Robust adaptation of LLMs and VLMs is often evaluated by average accuracy or average consistency under perturbations. However, these averages can hide a structured failure mode: a prediction may remain correct while probability mass already…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhuoyun Li , Boxuan Wang , Jinwei Hu , Xiaowei Huang , Yi Dong

Recent work has demonstrated that finetuning is a promising approach to 'unlearn' concepts from large language models. However, finetuning can be expensive, as it requires both generating a set of examples and running iterations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Pratiksha Thaker , Yash Maurya , Shengyuan Hu , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed, ensuring their safe use is paramount. Jailbreaking, adversarial prompts that bypass model alignment to trigger harmful outputs, present significant risks, with existing studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yuan Xin , Dingfan Chen , Linyi Yang , Michael Backes , Xiao Zhang

Autonomous LLM agents fail because long-horizon policy remains implicit in model weights and transcripts, while safety is retrofitted post hoc. We propose Traversal-as-Policy: distill sandboxed OpenHands execution logs into a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Peiran Li , Jiashuo Sun , Fangzhou Lin , Shuo Xing , Tianfu Fu , Suofei Feng , Chaoqun Ni , Zhengzhong Tu
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