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Harmful content detection models tend to have higher false positive rates for content from marginalized groups. In the context of marginal abuse modeling on Twitter, such disproportionate penalization poses the risk of reduced visibility,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Kyra Yee , Alice Schoenauer Sebag , Olivia Redfield , Emily Sheng , Matthias Eck , Luca Belli

Hateful memes have emerged as a particularly challenging form of online abuse, motivating the development of automated detection systems. Most prior approaches rely on direct detection, producing only binary predictions. Such models fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingbiao Mei , Mingsheng Sun , Jinghong Chen , Pengda Qin , Yuhong Li , Da Chen , Bill Byrne

As machine learning models are increasingly deployed in safety-critical domains, visual explanation techniques have become essential tools for supporting transparency. In this work, we reveal a new class of attacks that compromise model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Farhin Farhad Riya , Shahinul Hoque , Jinyuan Stella Sun , Olivera Kotevska

Harmful text detection has become a crucial task in the development and deployment of large language models, especially as AI-generated content continues to expand across digital platforms. This study proposes a joint retrieval framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Zidong Yu , Shuo Wang , Nan Jiang , Weiqiang Huang , Xu Han , Junliang Du

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Recent success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) allow problem solving automatically without any human intervention. Autonomous approaches can be very convenient. However, in certain domains, e.g., in the medical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Andreas Holzinger , André Carrington , Heimo Müller

As the applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in sensitive areas like Political Profiling, Review of Essays in Education, etc. proliferate, there is a great need for increasing transparency in NLP models to build trust with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Adel Rahimi , Shaurya Jain

In this paper, we study the problem of AI explanation of misinformation, where the goal is to identify explanation designs that help improve users' misinformation detection abilities and their overall user experiences. Our work is motivated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yeaeun Gong , Yifan Liu , Lanyu Shang , Na Wei , Dong Wang

Hateful memes are an emerging method of spreading hate on the internet, relying on both images and text to convey a hateful message. We take an interpretable approach to hateful meme detection, using machine learning and simple heuristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Tanvi Deshpande , Nitya Mani

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, yet their decision-making processes remain opaque. Although many explanation methods are dedicated to bringing the obscurity of DNNs to light, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kanglong Fan , Yunqiao Yang , Chen Ma

The global spread of misinformation and concerns about content trustworthiness have driven the development of automated fact-checking systems. Since false information often exploits social media dynamics such as "likes" and user networks to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vítor N. Lourenço , Aline Paes , Tillman Weyde

Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly shows its potential to outperform predicate logic algorithms and human control alike. In automatically deriving a system model, AI algorithms learn relations in data that are not detectable for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Simon Daniel Duque Anton , Daniel Schneider , Hans Dieter Schotten

Online texts with toxic content are a clear threat to the users on social media in particular and society in general. Although many platforms have adopted various measures (e.g., machine learning-based hate-speech detection systems) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yiran Ye , Thai Le , Dongwon Lee

Explainability is a topic of growing importance in NLP. In this work, we provide a unified perspective of explainability as a communication problem between an explainer and a layperson about a classifier's decision. We use this framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Marcos V. Treviso , André F. T. Martins

With surge in online platforms, there has been an upsurge in the user engagement on these platforms via comments and reactions. A large portion of such textual comments are abusive, rude and offensive to the audience. With machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Ayush Kumar , Pratik Kumar

Researchers in explainable artificial intelligence have developed numerous methods for helping users understand the predictions of complex supervised learning models. By contrast, explaining the $\textit{uncertainty}$ of model outputs has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-01 David S. Watson , Joshua O'Hara , Niek Tax , Richard Mudd , Ido Guy

While a lot of research in explainable AI focuses on producing effective explanations, less work is devoted to the question of how people understand and interpret the explanation. In this work, we focus on this question through a study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Hendrik Schuff , Alon Jacovi , Heike Adel , Yoav Goldberg , Ngoc Thang Vu

Learning an explainable classifier often results in low accuracy model or ends up with a huge rule set, while learning a deep model is usually more capable of handling noisy data at scale, but with the cost of hard to explain the result and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Yuanlong Li , Gaopan Huang , Min Zhou , Chuan Fu , Honglin Qiao , Yan He

The spread of information through social media platforms can create environments possibly hostile to vulnerable communities and silence certain groups in society. To mitigate such instances, several models have been developed to detect hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Marzieh Babaeianjelodar , Gurram Poorna Prudhvi , Stephen Lorenz , Keyu Chen , Sumona Mondal , Soumyabrata Dey , Navin Kumar

As predictive machine learning models become increasingly adopted and advanced, their role has evolved from merely predicting outcomes to actively shaping them. This evolution has underscored the importance of Trustworthy AI, highlighting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Fabio Michele Russo , Carlo Metta , Anna Monreale , Salvatore Rinzivillo , Fabio Pinelli