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Information retrieval plays a crucial role in resource localization. Current dense retrievers retrieve the relevant documents within a corpus via embedding similarities, which compute similarities between dense vectors mainly depending on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ganlin Xu , Zhoujia Zhang , Wangyi Mei , Jiaqing Liang , Weijia Lu , Xiaodong Zhang , Zhifei Yang , Xiaofeng Ma , Yanghua Xiao , Deqing Yang

Negation is a fundamental aspect of human communication, yet it remains a challenge for Language Models (LMs) in Information Retrieval (IR). Despite the heavy reliance of modern neural IR systems on LMs, little attention has been given to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Coen van den Elsen , Francien Barkhof , Thijmen Nijdam , Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi

In recent years, the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and information retrieval (IR) have made tremendous progress thanksto deep learning models like Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) and Long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Manish Gupta , Puneet Agrawal

Neural ranking models for information retrieval (IR) use shallow or deep neural networks to rank search results in response to a query. Traditional learning to rank models employ machine learning techniques over hand-crafted IR features. By…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-05-04 Bhaskar Mitra , Nick Craswell

We introduce iterative retrieval, a novel framework that empowers retrievers to make iterative decisions through policy optimization. Finding an optimal portfolio of retrieved items is a combinatorial optimization problem, generally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yunmo Chen , Tongfei Chen , Harsh Jhamtani , Patrick Xia , Richard Shin , Jason Eisner , Benjamin Van Durme

Test collections play a vital role in evaluation of information retrieval (IR) systems. Obtaining a diverse set of user queries for test collection construction can be challenging, and acquiring relevance judgments, which indicate the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Hossein A. Rahmani , Nick Craswell , Emine Yilmaz , Bhaskar Mitra , Daniel Campos

Understanding and solving complex reasoning tasks is vital for addressing the information needs of a user. Although dense neural models learn contextualised embeddings, they still underperform on queries containing negation. To understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Roxana Petcu , Samarth Bhargav , Maarten de Rijke , Evangelos Kanoulas

In an era of exponential scientific growth, identifying novel research ideas is crucial and challenging in academia. Despite potential, the lack of an appropriate benchmark dataset hinders the research of novelty detection. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yan Liu , Zonglin Yang , Soujanya Poria , Thanh-Son Nguyen , Erik Cambria

Modern information retrieval (IR) is no longer consumed primarily by humans but increasingly by large language models (LLMs) via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and agentic search. Unlike human users, LLMs are constrained by limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lu Dai , Liang Sun , Fanpu Cao , Ziyang Rao , Cehao Yang , Hao Liu , Hui Xiong

Extracting the relevant information out of a large number of documents is a challenging and tedious task. The quality of results generated by the traditionally available full-text search engine and text-based image retrieval systems is not…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Riya Gupta , C. V. Jawahar

Information retrieval aims to find information that meets users' needs from the corpus. Different needs correspond to different IR tasks such as document retrieval, open-domain question answering, retrieval-based dialogue, etc., while they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Dense retrieval (DR) has shown promising results in information retrieval. In essence, DR requires high-quality text representations to support effective search in the representation space. Recent studies have shown that pre-trained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Xinyu Ma , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Information Retrieval (IR) is an important application area of Natural Language Processing (NLP) where one encounters the genuine challenge of processing large quantities of unrestricted natural language text. While much effort has been…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Chengxiang Zhai

Learned Sparse Retrieval (LSR) is an effective IR approach that exploits pre-trained language models for encoding text into a learned bag of words. Several efforts in the literature have shown that sparsity is key to enabling a good…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Franco Maria Nardini , Thong Nguyen , Cosimo Rulli , Rossano Venturini , Andrew Yates

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds a pivotal shift in online user interactions with information. Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems primarily relied on query-document matching, whereas LLMs excel in comprehending…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Samira Ghodratnama , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

The main contribution of this paper is to design an Information Retrieval (IR) technique based on Algorithmic Information Theory (using the Normalized Compression Distance- NCD), statistical techniques (outliers), and novel organization of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Rafael Martinez , Manuel Cebrian , Francisco de Borja Rodriguez , David Camacho

Negative sampling is a pivotal technique in implicit collaborative filtering (CF) recommendation, enabling efficient and effective training by contrasting observed interactions with sampled unobserved ones. Recently, large language models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiayi Wu , Zhengyu Wu , Xunkai Li , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

The core of information retrieval (IR) is to identify relevant information from large-scale resources and return it as a ranked list to respond to the user's information need. In recent years, the resurgence of deep learning has greatly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yixing Fan , Xiaohui Xie , Yinqiong Cai , Jia Chen , Xinyu Ma , Xiangsheng Li , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo

Although synthetic data has changed various aspects of information retrieval (IR) pipelines, the main training paradigm remains: contrastive learning with binary relevance labels, where one positive document is compared against several…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Reza Esfandiarpoor , George Zerveas , Ruochen Zhang , Macton Mgonzo , Carsten Eickhoff , Stephen H. Bach

Information Retriever (IR) aims to find the relevant documents (e.g. snippets, passages, and articles) to a given query at large scale. IR plays an important role in many tasks such as open domain question answering and dialogue systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Man Luo