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Related papers: IndicSafe: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multilingual…

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As the influence of large language models (LLMs) spans across global communities, their safety challenges in multilingual settings become paramount for alignment research. This paper examines the variations in safety challenges faced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Lingfeng Shen , Weiting Tan , Sihao Chen , Yunmo Chen , Jingyu Zhang , Haoran Xu , Boyuan Zheng , Philipp Koehn , Daniel Khashabi

As frontier AI models are deployed globally, it is essential that their behaviour remains safe and reliable across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts. To examine how current model safeguards hold up in such settings, participants from…

The widespread adoption and increasing prominence of large language models (LLMs) in global technologies necessitate a rigorous focus on ensuring their safety across a diverse range of linguistic and cultural contexts. The lack of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhiyuan Ning , Tianle Gu , Jiaxin Song , Shixin Hong , Lingyu Li , Huacan Liu , Jie Li , Yixu Wang , Meng Lingyu , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang

Although region-specific large language models (LLMs) are increasingly developed, their safety remains underexplored, particularly in culturally diverse settings like Indonesia, where sensitivity to local norms is essential and highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Muhammad Falensi Azmi , Muhammad Dehan Al Kautsar , Alfan Farizki Wicaksono , Fajri Koto

Building safe Large Language Models (LLMs) across multiple languages is essential in ensuring both safe access and linguistic diversity. To this end, we conduct a large-scale, comprehensive safety evaluation of the current LLM landscape.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Felix Friedrich , Simone Tedeschi , Patrick Schramowski , Manuel Brack , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li , Kristian Kersting

Safety lies at the core of developing and deploying large language models (LLMs). However, previous safety benchmarks only concern the safety in one language, e.g. the majority language in the pretraining data such as English. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Wenxuan Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Chang Chen , Youliang Yuan , Jen-tse Huang , Wenxiang Jiao , Michael R. Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) are being deployed across the Global South, where everyday use involves low-resource languages, code-mixing, and culturally specific norms. Yet safety pipelines, benchmarks, and alignment still largely target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Somnath Banerjee , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

With the rapid popularity of large language models such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, a growing amount of attention is paid to their safety concerns. These models may generate insulting and discriminatory content, reflect incorrect social values,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Jiawen Deng , Jiale Cheng , Minlie Huang

Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yuxia Wang , Zenan Zhai , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Lizhi Lin , Zhenxuan Zhang , Jingru Zhao , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Model (LLM) safety is inherently pluralistic, reflecting variations in moral norms, cultural expectations, and demographic contexts. Yet, existing alignment datasets such as ANTHROPIC-HH and DICES rely on demographically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Usman Naseem , Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Sushant Kumar Ray , Rafiq Ali , Ebad Shabbir , Abdullah Mohammad

While the widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) holds great potential for society, their vulnerabilities to adversarial manipulation and exploitation can pose serious safety, security, and ethical risks. As new threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Charankumar Akiri , Harrison Simpson , Kshitiz Aryal , Aarav Khanna , Maanak Gupta

The safety evaluation of large language models (LLMs) remains largely centered on English, leaving non-English languages and culturally grounded risks underexplored. In this work, we investigate LLM safety in the context of the Thai…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Trapoom Ukarapol , Nut Chukamphaeng , Kunat Pipatanakul , Pakhapoom Sarapat

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in financial scenarios. However, they may produce harmful outputs, including facilitating illegal activities or unethical behavior, posing serious compliance risks. To systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yutao Hou , Yihan Jiang , Yuhan Xie , Jian Yang , Liwen Zhang , Hailiang Huang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Studying the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to unsafe behaviors is an important topic of research today. Building safety classification models or guard models, which are fine-tuned models for input/output safety classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Sowmya Vajjala

Safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) is mostly evaluated in English and contract-bound, leaving multilingual vulnerabilities understudied. We introduce \textbf{Indic Jailbreak Robustness (IJR)}, a judge-free benchmark for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Priyaranjan Pattnayak , Sanchari Chowdhuri

Safeguard models help large language models (LLMs) detect and block harmful content, but most evaluations remain English-centric and overlook linguistic and cultural diversity. Existing multilingual safety benchmarks often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Panuthep Tasawong , Jian Gang Ngui , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn , Peerat Limkonchotiwat

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance in understanding and generating long sequences, new safety concerns have been introduced through the long context. However, the safety of LLMs in long-context tasks remains under-explored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yida Lu , Jiale Cheng , Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaotao Gu , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Instruction-following benchmarks remain predominantly English-centric, leaving a critical evaluation gap for the hundreds of millions of Indic language speakers. We introduce IndicIFEval, a benchmark evaluating constrained generation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Thanmay Jayakumar , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Raj Dabre , Ratish Puduppully , Anoop Kunchukuttan

The past year has seen rapid acceleration in the development of large language models (LLMs). However, without proper steering and safeguards, LLMs will readily follow malicious instructions, provide unsafe advice, and generate toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Bertie Vidgen , Nino Scherrer , Hannah Rose Kirk , Rebecca Qian , Anand Kannappan , Scott A. Hale , Paul Röttger

Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes, i.e. attack success rate (ASR), refusal rate, or harmful versus safe classification, which hide how risk changes between prompt and response. We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mengya Hu , Qiong Wei , Sandeep Atluri
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